The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Working memory, psychiatric symptoms, and academic performance at school
Abstract
Previous studies of the relationship among working memory function, academic performance, and behavior in children have focused mainly on clinical populations. In the present study, the associations of the performance in audio- and visuospatial working memory tasks to teacher reported academic achievement and psychiatric symptoms were evaluated in a sample of fifty-five 6-13-year-old school children. Working memory function was measured by visual and auditory n-back tasks. Information on incorrect responses, reaction times, and multiple and missed responses were collected during the tasks. The children's academic performance and behavioral and emotional status were evaluated by the Teacher Report Form. The results showed that good spatial working memory performance was associated with academic success at school. Children with low working memory performance, especially audiospatial memory, were reported to have more academic and attentional/behavioral difficulties at school than children with good working memory performance. An increased number of multiple and missed responses in the auditory and visual tasks was associated with teacher reported attentional/behavioral problems and in visual tasks with teacher reported anxiety/depressive symptoms. The results suggest that working memory deficits may underlie some learning difficulties and behavioral problems related to impulsivity, difficulties in concentration, and hyperactivity. On the other hand, it is possible that anxiety/depressive symptoms affect working memory function, as well as the ability to concentrate, leading to a lower level of academic performance at school.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Lack of emotional distress,14 vigorous physical activity and good physical fitness,12, 15, 16 low aggression,17 and balanced nutrition18, 19 are health assets positively associated with academic achievement.”
From Health and School Outcomes During Children's Transition Into Adolescence (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
Citations
Cites
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,773
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods
Davidian, M. (2003) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/jasa.2003.s288 · Cited by 13,820
Plum, F. (1960) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1960.03840090124020 · Cited by 10,388
Baddeley, A. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1736359 · Cited by 5,258
Goldstein, H. (2006) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2006.s417 · Cited by 4,960
Gill, J. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Social Measurement · doi:10.1016/b0-12-369398-5/00166-3 · Cited by 3,126
Storage and Executive Processes in the Frontal Lobes
Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5408.1657 · Cited by 2,834
Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, Ysr, and Trf Profiles
Achenbach, T. M. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,454
Circuitry of Primate Prefrontal Cortex and Regulation of Behavior by Representational Memory
Goldman‐Rakic, P. S. (1987) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010509 · Cited by 1,960
Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task
Cohen, J. D., Perlstein, W. M., Braver, T. S., Nystrom, L. E., Noll, D. C., Jonides, J., & Smith, E. E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386604a0 · Cited by 1,876
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Working memory, attention control, and the N-back task: a question of construct validity
Kane, M. J., Conway, A. R. A., Miura, T. K., & Colflesh, G. J. H. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.33.3.615 · Cited by 933
Anxiety and working memory capacity: A meta-analysis and narrative review.
Moran, T. P. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000051 · Cited by 776
Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents
Budde, H., Voelcker‐Rehage, C., Pietraßyk-Kendziorra, S., Ribeiro, P. F. M., & Tidow, G. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.024 · Cited by 701
“Additionally, it is well known that concentration deficits are associated with poorer academic performance [2].”
BackgroundThe Cognitive and Behavioral Characteristics of Children With Low Working Memory
Alloway, T. P., Gathercole, S. E., Kirkwood, H., & Elliott, J. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01282.x · Cited by 569
Owens, M., Stevenson, J., Hadwin, J. A., & Norgate, R. (2012) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034311427433 · Cited by 462
Cortés Pascual, A., Moyano Muñoz, N., & Quílez Robres, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01582 · Cited by 540
Rapport, M. D., Alderson, R. M., Kofler, M. J., Sarver, D. E., Bolden, J., & Sims, V. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9215-y · Cited by 331
“The results, however, were consistent with past studies demonstrating better developed phonological than visuospatial abilities in elementary-aged children ( Alloway et al. 2006 ).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPesce, C., Crova, C., Cereatti, L., Casella, R., & Bellucci, M. (2009) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2009.02.001 · Cited by 347
The Relationship between Study Anxiety and Academic Performance among Engineering Students
Vitasari, P., Wahab, M. N. A., Othman, A., Herawan, T., & Sinnadurai, S. K. (2010) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.067 · Cited by 317
Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Bolden, J., Sarver, D. E., & Raiker, J. S. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9357-6 · Cited by 239
Attentional and executive function behaviours in children with poor working memory
Gathercole, S. E., Alloway, T. P., Kirkwood, H., Elliott, J. G., Holmes, J., & Hilton, K. A. (2008) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2007.10.003 · Cited by 243
“…with the hypothesis that poor working memory function and inattentive behaviour are closely associated in non-clinical samples of children (see also, Aronen et al., 2005), extending recent findings from studies of children with ADHD diagnoses (Klingberg et al., 2005; Martinussen & Tannock, 2006).”
Owens, M., Stevenson, J., Norgate, R., & Hadwin, J. A. (2008) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800701847823 · Cited by 189
“Using cross-sectional data it highlighted that one important mechanism through which anxiety affects school performance is working memory (see also Aronen et al., 2005).”
BackgroundEvaluating the validity of the Automated Working Memory Assessment
Alloway, T. P., Gathercole, S. E., Kirkwood, H., & Elliott, J. (2008) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410802243828 · Cited by 242
Green, C. T., Long, D. L., Green, D., Iosif, A.-M., Dixon, J. F., Miller, M. R., Fassbender, C., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0124-y · Cited by 176
“These WM deficits may contribute significantly to inefficient learning, behavioral problems, executive dysfunction, and the eventual underachievement that children with ADHD often experience [25–29].”
BackgroundWorking memory abilities and children's performance in laboratory analogues of classroom activities
Gathercole, S. E., Durling, E., Evans, M. K., Jeffcock, S., & Stone, S. (2007) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1407 · Cited by 166
“This prediction was strongly upheld, r ¼ À.512, p < .01, with 27 df. Backward digit recall scores were also significantly correlated, although less highly, with the other three subscale scores: oppositional, r ¼ À.373, p < .05; hyperactivity, r ¼ À.420, p < .05 and ADHD index, r ¼ À.368, p < .05.”
InfluentialSchweizer, S., Satpute, A. B., Atzil, S., Field, A. P., Hitchcock, C., Black, M., Barrett, L. F., & Dalgleish, T. (2019) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000193 · Cited by 170
The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks
Draheim, C., Pak, R., Draheim, A. A., & Engle, R. W. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-021-02052-2 · Cited by 172
Budde, H., Voelcker-Rehage, C., Pietrassyk-Kendziorra, S., Machado, S. A. S., Ribeiro, P., & Arafat, A. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.07.015 · Cited by 125
“Data of schoolchildren provided by Aronen et al. (2005) showed that spatial working memory performance was associated with teacher-reported academic performance; keeping this in mind, we chose a working memory task to illustrate the academic demand of school.”
Vilgis, V., Silk, T. J., & Vance, A. L. A. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0675-7 · Cited by 129
“Deficits in attention, memory and problem solving may have profound impact on daily activities, particularly in children and adolescents, whose academic achievement may dependent on these skills [4, 9].”
BackgroundHealth and School Outcomes During Children's Transition Into Adolescence
Forrest, C. B., Bevans, K. B., Riley, A. W., Crespo, R., & Louis, T. A. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.019 · Cited by 117
The working memory rating scale: A classroom-based behavioral assessment of working memory
Alloway, T. P., Gathercole, S. E., Kirkwood, H., & Elliott, J. (2008) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2008.10.003 · Cited by 115
Janssen, M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Rauh, S. P., Toussaint, H. M., van Mechelen, W., & Verhagen, E. A. L. M. (2014) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2014.07.001 · Cited by 112
“Deficits in attention are associated with poorer academic performance (12).”
BackgroundVuontela, V., Carlson, S., Troberg, A.-M., Fontell, T., Simola, P. E., Saarinen, S., & Aronen, E. T. (2012) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0313-2 · Cited by 120
“and less behavioral/emotional symptoms at school [21] using n-back WM tasks.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDo Friendships Afford Academic Benefits? A Meta-analytic Study
Wentzel, K. R., Jablansky, S., & Scalise, N. R. (2018) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-018-9447-5 · Cited by 99
Children with low working memory and children with ADHD: same or different?
Holmes, J., Hilton, K. A., Place, M., Alloway, T. P., Elliott, J. G., & Gathercole, S. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00976 · Cited by 94
“…high cognitive load (Kane et al., 2007; McVay and Kane, 2009), and associations are found between poor WM and inattentive behavior in both typically developing children (Aronen et al., 2005; Lui and Tannock, 2007; Thorell, 2007) and those with poor comprehension skills (Pimperton and Nation, 2014).”
Background“Feeling” hierarchy: The pathway from subjective social status to achievement ⋆
Destin, M., Richman, S. B., Varner, F. A., & Mandara, J. (2012) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.06.006 · Cited by 96
“Studies have found that memory and concentration problems are associated with depressive symptoms (e.g., Christensen et al., 1997), and several different studies have found that such problems are strongly predictive of academic problems (Aronen et al., 2005).”
Parallel Roles for Dopamine in Pathological Gambling and Psychostimulant Addiction
Zack, M. H., & Poulos, C. X. (2009) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473710902010011 · Cited by 87
“For example, cabergoline improves inhibitory control on a probabilistic Go/No-Go task in volunteers with low working memory (a reliable correlate of high impulsivity [117-119]) but impairs inhibitory control in those with high working memory [120].”
BackgroundPavuluri, M. N., O’Connor, M. M., Harral, E. M., Moss, M., & Sweeney, J. A. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.027 · Cited by 80
Lee, C.-C., Hao, Y., Lee, K. S., Sim, S. C., & Huang, C.-C. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.034 · Cited by 80
The development of prospective memory in typically developing children.
Yang, T., Chan, R. C. K., & Shum, D. (2011) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0022239 · Cited by 72
Manassis (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-4 · Cited by 72
Roughan, L. A., & Hadwin, J. A. (2011) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.07.011 · Cited by 71
Cognitive enhancement: a comparative review of computerized and athletic training programs
Moreau, D., & Conway, A. R. A. (2013) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2012.758763 · Cited by 78
“…1999; Kane, Hambrick, & Conway, 2005; Kane et al., 2004; Oberauer, Schulze, Wilhelm, & Suss, 2005), as well as with reading and mathematical skills (Alloway, 2007; Gathercole, Alloway, Willis, & Adams, 2006), or even overall academic achievement (Aronen, Vuontela, Steenari, Salmi, & Carlson, 2005).”
Janssen, M., Toussaint, H. M., van Mechelen, W., & Verhagen, E. A. (2014) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-410 · Cited by 66
“Deficits in attention are associated with poorer academic performance (Aronen et al. 2005).”
BackgroundHolmes, J., Gathercole, S. E., & Dunning, D. L. (2010) · Advances in Child Development and Behavior · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374748-8.00001-9 · Cited by 66
“), and there is substantial overlap between the behavioral characteristics of children with low working memory and ADHD (e.g., Alloway et al., 2009; Aronen et al., 2005; Lui & Tannock, 2007).”
Backgroundde Oliveira, I. J. L., Souza, V., Motta, V., & Da-Silva, S. L. (2014) · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/pjbs.2015.11.18 · Cited by 64
Elliott, J. G., Gathercole, S. E., Alloway, T. P., Holmes, J., & Kirkwood, H. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology · doi:10.1891/1945-8959.9.3.227 · Cited by 61
Ruhnau, P., Wetzel, N., Widmann, A., & Schröger, E. (2010) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-126 · Cited by 62
“4 s after onset of the visual stimuli according to studies using a similar paradigm [32,36].”
BackgroundMethodPhysical Activity and Academic Performance: The Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and Depression
Kayani, S., Kiyani, T., Wang, J., Zagalaz Sánchez, M. L., Kayani, S., & Qurban, H. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10103633 · Cited by 60
“[57] found that depression has several detrimental effects on students, such as diminishing memory and creating distraction among students.”
BackgroundStructure and Correlates of the German Version of the Brief UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scales
Keye, D., Wilhelm, O., & Oberauer, K. (2009) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.175 · Cited by 59
Liu, X., Gao, X., & Ping, S. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11030775 · Cited by 58
“reported that anxiety and depression can affect memory as well as concentration, which leads to poor academic performance [15].”
BackgroundA tangled web: The reciprocal relationship between depression and educational outcomes in China
Shen, W. (2019) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102353 · Cited by 54
“Another study of 55 children aged 6–13 years from three elementary schools in Finland found that even mild symptoms of depression were associated with poorer working memory and more concentration difficulties, both of which corresponded to teacher-reported academic performance (Aronen et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCarpenter, J. L., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2010) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2010.509795 · Cited by 57
Yen, J., Chang, S., Long, C., Tang, T., Chen, C., & Yen, C. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.05.016 · Cited by 55
“Poor working memory can impair concentration [11].”
Math Anxiety in Combination With Low Visuospatial Memory Impairs Math Learning in Children
Soltanlou, M., Artemenko, C., Dresler, T., Fallgatter, A. J., Ehlis, A., & Nuerk, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00089 · Cited by 48
mohammadyari, G. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.175 · Cited by 47
Varasteh, H., Ghanizadeh, A., & Akbari, O. (2016) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-015-0351-5 · Cited by 48
Dobrakowski, P. P., & Łebecka, G. (2019) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/1550059419879020 · Cited by 57
“The relationship between the functioning of working memory and one’s academic performance is clearly documented.(9,10) It can indicate the ADHD-related developmental delay of the prefrontal cerebral cortex, which is responsible for working memory, attention, and motor planning.”
BackgroundHigh Folate Intake Is Related to Better Academic Achievement in Swedish Adolescents
Nilsson, T. K., Yngve, A., Böttiger, A. K., Hurtig‐Wennlöf, A., & Sjöstróm, M. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1481 · Cited by 41
The Influence of Acute Physical Activity on Working Memory
Zach, S., & Shalom, E. (2016) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512516631066 · Cited by 43
Choo, A. L., Smith, S. A., & Li, H. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00481-7 · Cited by 35
Mindfulness, Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms, and Executive Dysfunction
Crowe, K., & McKay, D. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9777-x · Cited by 32
“Several reports have shown the n-back to be a useful and valid index ofWM (Aronen et al. 2005; Haatveit et al. 2010; Kwong See and Ryan 1995).”
BackgroundVance, A., Ferrin, M., Winther, J., & Gomez, R. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9721-4 · Cited by 33
Attention and Working Memory in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Functional MRI Study
Rahko, J. S., Vuontela, V., Carlson, S., Nikkinen, J., Hurtig, T. M., Kuusikko‐Gauffin, S., Mattila, M., Jussila, K. K., Remes, J. J., Jansson-Verkasalo, E. M., et al. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0583-6 · Cited by 40
“response times (RTs) reflecting WM performance, and multiple and missed responses reflecting inhibitory and attentional mechanisms, respectively [4, 5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationNoorbakhsh, S., Afzali, M. H., Boers, E., & Conrod, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00095 · Cited by 32
“To be more specific, working memory is an essential component in academic success at school (Aronen et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSchwartz, S. M., Evans, C., & Agur, A. M. R. (2014) · Anatomical Sciences Education · doi:10.1002/ase.1508 · Cited by 29
“This negative association between anxiety, worry and working memory has been found in several studies (Aronen et al., 2005; Owens et al., 2008; Owens et al., 2012).”
ResultLee, S.-P., Lee, S.-D., Liao, Y.-L., & Wang, A.-C. (2015) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/24.pms.120v14x2 · Cited by 28
Mifflin, K. A., Chorney, J. M. L., & Dick, B. D. (2015) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000239 · Cited by 28
Maintenance effects of working memory intervention (Cogmed) in children with symptomatic epilepsy
Fuentes, A., & Kerr, E. N. (2017) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.12.016 · Cited by 28
Zhao, S., Wang, X., Chen, Z., Zhou, H., Han, Y., Tang, H., Yan, R., Yao, Z., & Lü, Q. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.020 · Cited by 27
The Effect of Anxiety and Emotional Intelligence on Students' Learning Process
Hashempour, S., & Mehrad, A. (2014) · Cited by 26
Raghubar, K. P., Mahone, E. M., Yeates, K. O., Cecil, K. M., Makola, M., & Ris, M. D. (2016) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2016.1183608 · Cited by 25
van der Meer, D., Hoekstra, P. J., van Rooij, D., Winkler, A. M., van Ewijk, H., Heslenfeld, D. J., Oosterlaan, J., Faraone, S. V., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J. K., et al. (2017) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2017.1287952 · Cited by 26
“Anxiety has been rather inconsistently associated with lowered VSWM performance (Aronen et al. 2005; Shackman et al. 2006; Staugaard 2010), but has also been reported to interact with working memory capacity, such that only individuals with low capacity showed a negative relation between anxiety level and task perform…”
BackgroundAlsameen, M. H., DiFrancesco, M. W., Drummond, S. P. A., Franzen, P. L., & Beebe, D. W. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13304 · Cited by 23
“K E Y W O R D S adolescents, functional magnetic resonance imaging, sleep restriction, working memory the capacity of information that an individual can actively hold in mind and mentally manipulate while performing tasks (Alloway & Alloway, 2010; Aronen et al., 2005).”
Methodvan der Donk, M. L. A., Hiemstra‐Beernink, A., Kalff, A. C., van der Leij, A., & Lindauer, R. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-23 · Cited by 28
“Especially working memory skills are associated with problems in learning and poor classroom behaviour [5,6].”
BackgroundVoltas, N., Hernández‐Martínez, C., Aparicio, E., Arija, V., & Canals, J. (2014) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2014.100 · Cited by 23
Working Memory Training and Transfer: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
Jaeggi, S. M., & Buschkuehl, M. (2014) · Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07755-0_2 · Cited by 24
“[5]).”
Visuospatial Working Memory in 7- to 12-Year-Old Children with Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Saarinen, S., Fontell, T., Vuontela, V., Carlson, S., & Aronen, E. T. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0449-3 · Cited by 24
“performance in visuospatial WM tasks has been associated with teacher-reported behavioral and attention problems and academic difficulties in normative schoolchildren [32].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationRapp-Paglicci, L. A., Stewart, C., & Rowe, W. (2011) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2011.564067 · Cited by 21
Community Violence Exposure and Youth Aggression: The Moderating Role of Working Memory
Jakubovic, R. J., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2020) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00683-y · Cited by 28
Ecological and Evolutionary Principles for Secondary Education: Analyzing Career and Tech Ed
Richardson, G. B., Castellano, M., Stone, J. R., & Sanning, B. K. (2015) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-015-0034-4 · Cited by 20
“2012) and executive functioning (Alloway and Alloway 2010; Aronen et al. 2004; Laidra et al. 2007; for measurement as self-control, see Duckworth and Carlson 2013; Mischel 2014) have been theoretically and empirically tied to academic outcomes such as achievement and attainment.”
BackgroundInfluentialHubert, B., Guimard, P., & Florin, A. (2017) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.160 · Cited by 22
“…working memory and shifting (Dennis et al., 2007; C. Hughes et al., 1998; Nigg et al., 1999), both working memory and inhibitory control seem to be associated with disruptive behaviors (Alloway et al., 2009; Aronen et al., 2005) and peer relationships (Holmes et al., 2016; Masten et al., 2012).”
BackgroundEngel‐Yeger, B., Durr, D. H., & Josman, N. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.511417 · Cited by 18
“The capacity to learn and remember new information is crucial for children’s academic performance [1].”
BackgroundWorking memory outcomes following unilateral arterial ischemic stroke in childhood
Fuentes, A., Westmacott, R., Deotto, A., deVeber, G., & Desrocher, M. E. (2016) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2016.1205008 · Cited by 18
“Academically, WM has been shown to be associated with teacher-reported academic success (Aronen et al., 2005), curriculum attainment (Gathercole & Pickering, 2000; St-”
BackgroundPredicting Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memory by Individual Differences in E-Learning Activities
Fellman, D., Lincke, A., Berge, E., & Jonsson, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.00022 · Cited by 19
Ottoboni, G., Ceciliani, A., & Tessari, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147545 · Cited by 19
“, a single exercise bout) on working memory (hereafter WM) in primary school-aged children as WM plays an essential role in the context of memory and learning and represents a central component in children’s cognition and can explain behavioral difficulties in the educational context [26,27].”
BackgroundImproving short-term and working memory: Methods of memory training
Clair‐Thompson, H. S. (2008) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34210533 · Cited by 17
Vuontela, V., Jiang, P., Tokariev, M., Savolainen, P., Ma, Y., Aronen, E. T., Fontell, T., Liiri, T., Ahlström, M., Salonen, O. L. M., et al. (2012) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.11.003 · Cited by 18
Self-citationVitasari, P., Wahab, M. N. A., Herawan, T., Othman, A., & Sinnadurai, S. K. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.380 · Cited by 18
Nyroos, M., & Wiklund‐Hörnqvist, C. (2011) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2011.643578 · Cited by 22
“Learning difficulties in the mathematical domain have been found to be related to deficits in phonological ability (Aronen et al., 2005; Gersten et al., 2005; Swanson & Siegel, 2001) and also to deficits in visuo-spatial ability (Passolunghi & Siegel, 2004; Reuhkala, 2001; St Clair-Thompson & Gathercole, 2006).”
BackgroundSuppiah, H. T., Low, C. Y., Choong, G., & Chia, M. (2016) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2016.1151102 · Cited by 17
“Working memory performance, as ascertained via the n-back paradigm (Conway et al. 2005), has been shown to be associated with academic performance in children and adolescents (Aronen et al. 2005), and also to be influenced by sleep quality and quantity in this population (Steenari et al. 2003).”
BackgroundMartin, L. I., Kidd, M., & Seedat, S. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.009 · Cited by 18
Korhonen, J., Nyroos, M., Jonsson, B., & Eklöf, H. (2017) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2017.1356449 · Cited by 25
Cécillon, F.-X., Mermillod, M., Leys, C., Lachaux, J.-P., Vigouroux, S. L., & Shankland, R. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11010123 · Cited by 27
“These findings align with those of Owens et al. [12], who demonstrated a relationship between trait anxiety and academic success mediated by working memory performance in a sample of 50 adolescents with an average age similar to our sample; see also [13,71].”
ResultCheie, L., MacLeod, C., Miclea, M., & Visu‐Petra, L. (2016) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-016-0682-z · Cited by 14
Effect of Height Perception on State Self-Esteem and Cognitive Performance in Virtual Reality
Leung, G. Y. S., Ng, A. K. T., & Lau, H. Y. K. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77932-0_15 · Cited by 14
Memory Mates: A Classroom-Based Intervention to Improve Attention and Working Memory
Davis, N., Sheldon, L., & Colmar, S. (2013) · Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1017/jgc.2013.23 · Cited by 14
“Classroom teachers play a crucial role in supporting students with WM difficul-ties (Aronen et al., 2005; Gathercole & Alloway, 2008).”
BackgroundSteimke, R., Stelzel, C., Gaschler, R., Rothkirch, M., Ludwig, V. U., Paschke, L. M., Trempler, I., Kathmann, N., Goschke, T., & Walter, H. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00382 · Cited by 15
Working Memory Interventions With Children: Classrooms or Computers?
Colmar, S., & Double, K. S. (2017) · Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools · doi:10.1017/jgc.2017.11 · Cited by 13
“An expanding body of evidence has demonstrated a link between working memory and the performance of specific academic abilities (Aronen, Vuontela, Steenari, Salmi, & Carlson, 2005; DeMarie & L´opez, 2013; Gathercole, Pickering, Knight, & Stegmann, 2004).”
BackgroundIntervention and Diagnostic Tools in Preschool Education
Drigas, A. S., Kokkalia, G., Economou, A., & Ρούσσος, Π. (2017) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v12i11.7155 · Cited by 13
“Poor working memory leads to failures in simple tasks such as remembering classroom instructions [11] to more complex activities involving storage and processing of information and keeping track of progress in difficult tasks [12].”
BackgroundTokariev, M., Vuontela, V., Lönnberg, P., Lano, A., Perkola, J., Wolford, E., ANDERSSON, S. M., Metsäranta, M., & Carlson, S. (2019) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103615 · Cited by 13
“This parameter is difficult to control as children from families with higher education or socioeconomic background tend to participate in these kinds of studies more often than children from lower socioeconomic background (Aronen et al., 2005; Vuontela et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAssessment of attention and inhibitory control in rodent developmental neurotoxicity studies
Driscoll, L. L., & Strupp, B. J. (2014) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2014.09.001 · Cited by 13
Teachers' perceptions of classroom behaviour and working memory
Alloway, T. P., Doherty‐Sneddon, G., & Forbes, L. (2012) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) · doi:10.5897/err10.223 · Cited by 13
“The students were typically judged by teachers to have poor attention span and high levels of distractibility but did not display hyperactive or impulsive behaviour characteristic of ADHD (Aronen et al., 2005; Gathercole et al., 2008).”
BackgroundLiu, Z., Herold, F., Healy, S., Haegele, J. A., Block, M. E., Ludyga, S., Ng, J. L., Gerber, M., Hossain, M. M., Taylor, A., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2023.2288259 · Cited by 12
“…school achievement In general, learning interest, school engagement, tasks completion, and memory problems are related to academic performance (referring to school achievement) (Aronen et al., 2005; Brophy, 2006; Chase et al., 2014; Lavy, 2012; Mo ff ett & Morrison, 2020; Schiefele et al., 1992).”
Executive Functioning in Youth With and Without Chronic Pain
Turner, K. M., Wilcox, G., Nordstokke, D., Dick, B. D., Schroeder, M., & Noel, M. E. (2020) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000895 · Cited by 12
Cognitive risk factors for alcohol and substance addictions
Ryan, N. C., & Conrod, P. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815298-0.00007-1 · Cited by 13
Emotional intelligence: A literature review
Jensen, S. A., Kohn, C. S., Rilea, S. L., Hannon, R., Howells, G. N., & Kohn, C. (2007) · Cited by 12
Yoga as a Classroom Intervention for Preschoolers
Lawson, L. A. M., Cox, J., & Blackwell, A. L. (2012) · Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools & Early Intervention · doi:10.1080/19411243.2012.713755 · Cited by 12
“Good spatial working memory performance is associated with academic success in school ( Aronen, Vuontela, Strrnari, Salmi, & Carlson, 2005 ), while low working memory performance is associated with attention and behavior difficulties.”
BackgroundMiconi, D., Moscardino, U. M. M., Altoè, G., & Salcuni, S. (2018) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431618812157 · Cited by 12
Memory and language impairments are associated with anxiety disorder severity in childhood
Sbicigo, J. B., Toazza, R., Becker, N., Ecker, K., Manfro, G. G., & de Salles, J. F. (2020) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0051 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Aronen, E. T., Vuontela, V., Steenari, M.-R., Salmi, J., & Carlson, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Aronen, E.T.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-42
- ISSN
- 1074-7427 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2172201961
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiö
- Lastentautien Tutkimussäätiö
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- working memory, academic performance, psychiatric symptoms, elementary school students, visuospatial working memory, n-back task, attention deficits, hyperactivity, impulsivity, anxiety, depressive symptoms, learning difficulties, teacher-reported behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Auditory Perception, Mental Disorders, Behavioral Symptoms, Brain, Child, Educational Measurement, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Memory, Short-Term, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Space Perception, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
