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Non-soy legume consumption lowers cholesterol levels: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
Background and aims Studies evaluating the effect of legume consumption on cholesterol have focused on soybeans, however non-soy legumes, such as a variety of beans, peas, and some seeds, are commonly consumed in Western countries. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of non-soy legume consumption on blood lipids.Methods and results Studies were retrieved by searching MEDLINE (from January 1966 through July 2009), EMBASE (from January 1980 to July 2009), and the Cochrane Collaboration's Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials using the following terms as medical subject headings and keywords: fabaceae not soybeans not isoflavones and diet or dietary fiber and cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia or triglycerides or cardiovascular diseases. Bibliographies of all retrieved articles were also searched. From 140 relevant reports, 10 randomized clinical trials were selected which compared a non-soy legume diet to control, had a minimum duration of 3 weeks, and reported blood lipid changes during intervention and control. Data on sample size, participant characteristics, study design, intervention methods, duration, and treatment results were independently abstracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol. Data from 10 trials representing 268 participants were examined using a random-effects model. Pooled mean net change in total cholesterol for those treated with a legume diet compared to control was -11.8 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -16.1 to -7.5); mean net change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was -8.0mg/dL (95% CI, -11.4 to -4.6).Conclusion These results indicate that a diet rich in legumes other than soy decreases total and LDL cholesterol.
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“In this respect, both the glycaemic index and the fibre content do not seem to play a relevant role. 178,179”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [179]
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“Increased carbohydrate consumption as an isocaloric substitution for fat is associated with a significant decrease in HDL-C [0.01 mmol/L (0.4 mg/dL) for every 1% energy substitution].”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [179]
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“In this respect, both the glycaemic index and the fibre content do not seem to play a relevant role.178,179”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“In observational studies and RCTs consumption of legumes improves CVD risk factors, such as waist circumference, cholesterol, BP, C-reactive protein, glucose; and is protective against T2DM (224–231).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [230]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bazzano, L. A., Thompson, A. M., Tees, M. T., Nguyen, C. H., & Winham, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Tulane University (US)
- Venue
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 94-103
- ISSN
- 0939-4753 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2888631
- OpenAlex
- W1964909560
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (P20RR017659)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- legume consumption, dietary cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum lipids, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Isoflavones, Fabaceae, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Plant Proteins, Dietary, Confidence Intervals, Linear Models, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Young Adult
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