The most effective factors to offset sarcopenia and obesity in the older Korean: Physical activity, vitamin D, and protein intake
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the types and levels of physical activity in conjunction with protein intake and vitamin D on sarcopenia and obesity status in an elderly population.Methods Study participants (N = 4452) were ages ≥60 y and included 1929 men and 2523 women who completed a body composition analysis with a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and provided health and dietary data.Results Higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass/weight was observed in the non-obese group, although obese participants had greater weights. The non-obese sarcopenia subgroup showed health problems related to insulin resistance and metabolic-related factors compared with the nonsarcopenic group. The total metabolic equivalent was significantly different in both obese categories, regardless of sarcopenic status. The prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity relatively increased with a diet deficient of protein intake and vitamin D.Conclusion These data suggest that sarcopenia had a significant association with metabolic-related factors; physical activity, especially vigorous activity; and protein intake and vitamin D levels in a non-obese elderly population. Therefore, maintaining healthy body weight by means of resistance exercise and enhanced protein intake and vitamin D may help offset sarcopenia in this age group.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Due to decrease of outdoor physical activities, vitamin D produces less with scanty exposure of ultraviolet radiation.
“On the other hand, owing to decrease of outdoor physical activities, vitamin D produces less with scanty expose of ultraviolet radiation (19).”
From Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502 · see citing works
International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity
CRAIG, C. L., MARSHALL, A. L., SJ??STR??M, M., BAUMAN, A. E., BOOTH, M. L., AINSWORTH, B. E., PRATT, M., EKELUND, U., YNGVE, A., SALLIS, J. F., et al. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb · Cited by 21,619 · see citing works
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497 · see citing works
Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer
TROIANO, R. P., BERRIGAN, D., DODD, K. W., MÂSSE, L. C., TILERT, T., & MCDOWELL, M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 · Cited by 7,638 · see citing works
A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Boström, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10777 · Cited by 4,810 · see citing works
Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., & Ross, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x · Cited by 3,139 · see citing works
Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia
Yoon, K.-H., Lee, J.-H., Kim, J.-W., Cho, J. H., Choi, Y.-H., Ko, S.-H., Zimmet, P., & Son, H.-Y. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69703-1 · Cited by 1,580 · see citing works
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: effects of age, gender, and ethnicity
Gallagher, D., Visser, M., De Meersman, R. E., Sepúlveda, D., Baumgartner, R. N., Pierson, R. N., Harris, T., & Heymsfield, S. B. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.229 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Sarcopenic Obesity Predicts Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disability in the Elderly
Baumgartner, R. N., Wayne, S. J., Waters, D. L., Janssen, I., Gallagher, D., & Morley, J. E. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.250 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: measurement by dual-photon absorptiometry
Heymsfield, S. B., Smith, R. C., Aulet, M., Bensen, B., Lichtman, S. W., Wang, J., & Pierson, R. (1990) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/52.2.214 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Srikanthan, P., Hevener, A. L., & Karlamangla, A. S. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010805 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Lim, S., Kim, J. H., Yoon, J. W., Kang, S. M., Choi, S. H., Park, Y. J., Kim, K. W., Lim, J. Y., Park, K. S., & Jang, H. C. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0107 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
In Situ Detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Receptor In human Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Bischoff, H. A., Borchers, M., Gudat, F. G., Dürmüller, U., Theiler, R., Stähelin, H. B., & Dick, W. (2001) · The Histochemical Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1017535728844 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Glucose Transport and Glucose Transporters in Muscle and Their Metabolic Regulation
Klip, A., & Pâquet, M. R. (1990) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.13.3.228 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Moon, S.-S. (2014) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0244 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korea
Oh, S. W. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.561 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Solerte, S. B., Gazzaruso, C., Bonacasa, R., Rondanelli, M., Zamboni, M., Basso, C., Locatelli, E., Schifino, N., Giustina, A., & Fioravanti, M. (2008) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.03.004 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Protein Nutrition, Exercise and Aging
Evans, W. J. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719430 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Adiposity Compared With Physical Inactivity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Rana, J. S., Li, T. Y., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1456 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Sarcopenic obesity and endocrinal adaptation with age
Sakuma, K., & Yamaguchi, A. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/204164 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Diabetes, Sarcopenia, and Frailty
Morley, J. E. (2008) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2008.03.004 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Adipokines, Myokines and Cardiovascular Disease
Walsh, K. X. (2008) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-08-0961 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Kim, M. K., Kang, M. I., Oh, K. W., Kwon, H., Lee, J. H., Lee, W. C., Yoon, K., & Son, H. (2010) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03798.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Irisin: A new potential hormonal target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes
Sanchis‐Gomar, F., Lippi, G., Mayero, S., Pérez-Quilis, C., & García‐Giménez, J. L. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00194.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The p38–PGC-1α–irisin–betatrophin axis
Sanchis‐Gomar, F., & Pérez-Quilis, C. (2013) · Adipocyte · doi:10.4161/adip.27370 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Potential health benefits of nutrition label changes.
Zarkin, G. A., Dean, N., Mauskopf, J., & Williams, R. (1993) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.83.5.717 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Kelly, F. J., & Jefferson, L. S. (1985) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88833-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kim, S.-H., Kim, T., & Hwang, H. (2013) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.12.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in renal mineral ion transport.
Vezzoli, G., Soldati, L., & Gambaro, G. (2009) · Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/138920109787847475 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Concannon, T. W., Kent, D. M., Normand, S. T., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.07.050 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Muscle‐to‐fat interaction: a two‐way street?
Pedersen, B. K. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.184747 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Global prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gao, Q., Mei, F., Shang, Y., Hu, K., Chen, F., Zhao, L., & Ma, B. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.009 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Donini, L. M., Busetto, L., Bauer, J. M., Bischoff, S., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Dicker, D., Frühbeck, G., Giustina, A., et al. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.024 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Liu, C., Wong, P. Y., Chung, Y. L., Chow, S. K., Cheung, W. H., Law, S. W., Chan, J. C. N., & Wong, R. M. Y. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13534 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments
Wang, M., Tan, Y., Shi, Y., Wang, X., Liao, Z., & Wei, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00568 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Polyzos, S. A., & Margioris, A. N. (2018) · Hormones · doi:10.1007/s42000-018-0049-x · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Park, J. E., Lee, S., & Kim, K. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-03748-x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Oh, C., Jeon, B. H., Reid Storm, S. N., Jho, S., & No, J.-K.
- Affiliations
- Kyungsung University (KR)
- Busan Medical Center (KR)
- Corresponding author
- No, Jae-Kyung
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 33
- Pages
- 169-173
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2465905192
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, obesity, older adults, physical activity, vitamin D, protein intake, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, metabolic equivalents, insulin resistance, resistance training, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Lifestyle, Diet, Healthy, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Vitamin D Deficiency, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Prevalence, Overweight, Sarcopenia, Republic of Korea, Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
