Frequent intentional weight loss is associated with higher ghrelin and lower glucose and androgen levels in postmenopausal women
Open accessAbstract
Population-based studies suggest that repetitive cycling of weight loss and regain may be associated with future weight gain. Therefore, to better define the relationship between weight cycling, energy homeostasis, and future weight gain, we examined associations between frequent intentional weight loss and hormonal profiles in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between a history of frequent weight loss and biomarkers, including serum glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin, as well as sex steroid hormones. We hypothesized that frequent intentional weight loss would be associated with changes in normal appetite and body weight regulatory hormones, favoring increased appetite and weight gain. One hundred fifty-nine healthy, weight stable, sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women who had been recruited for an exercise intervention participated in this study. History of intentional weight loss (frequency and magnitude) was assessed by questionnaire. Hormonal assays were performed by radioimmunoassay (insulin, leptin, ghrelin, estrogens, androgens, and dehydroepiandrosterone), chemiluminescence immunoassay (insulin-like growth factor-1), and immunometric assay (sex hormone binding globulin). Analysis of variance and regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between weight loss history and metabolic hormones. A higher degree of weight cycling, characterized by the frequency of intentionally losing more than 10 lb, was associated with an appetite-stimulating hormonal profile, including higher concentrations of ghrelin (P trend = .04), lower glucose (P trend = .047), and to some extent, lower insulin (P trend = .08). Frequent weight loss was also associated with lower androgen concentrations, including androstenedione (P trend = .02), testosterone (P trend = .04), and free testosterone (P trend = .01). No independent associations between the concentrations of leptin or estrogens and weight cycling were observed. This study suggests that frequent intentional weight loss may affect hormones involved in energy regulation.
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Low attrition rates occur within many exercise programs and there is a high rate of repeated hypocaloric diet attempts.
“Something that has become evident in the low attrition rates within many exercise programs and the high rate of repeated hypocaloric diet attempts [13-16].”
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- Authors
- Hooper, L. E., Foster-Schubert, K. E., Weigle, D. S., Sorensen, B., Ulrich, C. M., & McTiernan, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Ulrich, Cornelia M.
- McTiernan, Anne
- Venue
- Nutrition Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 163-170
- ISSN
- 0271-5317 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2992868
- OpenAlex
- W2060229807
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nutrition Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CA69334, DK 02860, DK035816)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- weight cycling, intentional weight loss, postmenopausal women, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, androgens, testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor I, energy homeostasis, appetite regulation, weight regain, overweight women
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Androgens, Appetite, Blood Glucose, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Energy Metabolism, Estrogens, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Middle Aged, Testosterone, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Postmenopause, Leptin, Ghrelin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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