The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex differences in variance of intelligence across childhood
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In the citing paper
“Independent of risk group, male children exhibited lower levels of verbal and nonverbal functioning than female children.36,37”
From Beyond Autism: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium Study of High-Risk Children at Three Years of Age (2013) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“These findings are consistent with reports from large N studies of a female advantage in both verbal and nonverbal functioning among low-risk children between 1 and 3 years of age [36–39].”
From Early sex differences are not autism-specific: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study (2015) · cites this paper as [38]
Citations
Cites
The descent of man and selection in relation to sex
チャールス, ダ., & 茂穂, 田. (1907) · Tokyo Jinrui Gakkai zasshi · doi:10.1537/ase1887.22.495 · Cited by 10,909
The psychology of sex differences
Maccoby, E. E. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80031-1 · Cited by 5,714
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Miles-Mason, E. (2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483392271.n537 · Cited by 4,133
The lek paradox and the capture of genetic variance by condition dependent traits
(1996) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0207 · Cited by 1,461
Test of Word Reading Efficiency
Dumont, R., & Willis, J. O. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced2080 · Cited by 1,271
Sex Differences in Mental Test Scores, Variability, and Numbers of High-Scoring Individuals
Hedges, L. V., & Nowell, A. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7604277 · Cited by 1,112
On the resolution of the lek paradox
Kotiaho, J. S., LeBas, N. R., Puurtinen, M., & Tomkins, J. L. (2008) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.012 · Cited by 619
Sex Differences in Mathematical Reasoning Ability: More Facts
Benbow, C. P., & Stanley, J. C. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6648516 · Cited by 589
Genic capture and resolving the lek paradox
Tomkins, J. L., Radwan, J., Kotiaho, J. S., & Tregenza, T. (2004) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.029 · Cited by 581
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Pearson, 1897, Vol. 1
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Sorted by citations
Items 101–118 of 118
A Note on Over- and Under-Representation Among Populations with Normally-Distributed TraitsPreprint
Fox, R. F., & Hill, T. P. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.09324 · Cited by 1
Sex differences in brain-behavior relationships in the first two years of lifePreprint
Fenske, S. J., Liu, J., Chen, H., Diniz, M. A., Stephens, R. L., Cornea, E. A., Gilmore, J. H., & Gao, W. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.31.578147 · Cited by 1
Essays in Education and Politics
Duch, K. (2013) · DukeSpace (Duke University)
Den maskuline kjønnsrollen og skoleprestasjoner hos gutter : en longitudinell studie
Skard, H. T. (2009) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Ziada, K. E., Metwaly, H. A. M., Bakhiet, S. F. A., Cheng, H., & Lynn, R. (2018) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932018000020
“These results con fi rm numerous studies reporting greater male variance of intelligence, e.g. Arden and Plomin (2006) and Deary et al. (2010).”
When Statistical Assumptions Are Interesting Outcomes Instead of Nuisances—Looking Beyond the Mean
Fouladi, R. T. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429442810-8
Holtrop, D., Wille, B., de Vries, R. E., & Born, M. P. (2020) · Gedrag & Organisatie · doi:10.5117/2020.033.001.002
Arden, R., & Hill, T. P. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.02962
“Thus, employing the same logic and methodology as [25] to extrapolate data from tests done on children from age 2 to 4 to conclusions about adults, this finding of Arden and Plomin would imply that among adults, women are highly significantly over-represented in the top tail of intelligence.”
BackgroundSelf-citationKubatov, D. (2021) · Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem · doi:10.15476/elte.2021.025
Sex-specific developmental scales improve early childhood developmental surveillancePreprint
Sudry, T., Amit, G., Zimmerman, D. R., Tsadok, M. A., Baruch, R., Yardeni, H., Akiva, P., Moshe, D. B., Bachmat, E., & Sadaka, Y. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.04.12.23288336
Sex Similarities and Differences in Human Colour DiscriminationPreprint
Chen, Z., Gong, H., Pointer, M. R., Klabes, J., Khanh, T. Q., Yu, J., Yu, F., & Liu, Q. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4773586
Trait variability as a partial explanation of gender gaps
Andersen, C. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112908 · Cited by 1
Individual differences in sequential decision-makingPreprint
Abbaszadeh, M., Ozanick, E., Magen, N., Darrow, D., Yan, X., Grissom, N., Herman, A. B., & Ebitz, R. B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.04.647306
“These results align with the male variability hypothesis, which posits greater cognitive variability among males compared to females (Arden and Plomin (2006)), and with previous studies showing greater male variability in decision-making strategies in animal models (Chen et al. (2021a)).”
"You re just my type!" Matching and Payoffs when Like Attracts LikePreprint
Clark, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5436342
Manual spatial ability is the main Mediator of sex differences in multitasking performance
Lager, E., Sorjonen, K., & Melin, M. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102143 · Cited by 1
DeLecce, T. L., Vance, G. S., Fink, B., & Shackelford, T. K. (2026) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-026-00472-8
“…& Asendorpf, 2008); (5) relatedly, we focused exclusively on men, given their greater variability in phenotypic quality (including intelli - gence and sexual promiscuity) relative to women, likely due to greater male ancestral reproductive variance (Arden & Plomin, 2006 ; Wyman & Rowe, 2014 ).”
Markkula, A., Pyhälä, R., Munck, P., Buchwald, J., Metsäranta, M., & Stolt, S. (2026) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-026-07163-3
“Sex difference in cognition has been reported in full-term children at early ages at least in some studies [14–16].”
Greater Female Variability in Human Colour Perception
Chen, Z., Gong, H., Huang, Z., & Liu, Q. (2025) · Light & Engineering · doi:10.33383/2025-016
Metadata
- Authors
- Arden, R., & Plomin, R.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arden, Rosalind
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-48
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016958833
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Keywords
- sex differences, intelligence, variance, childhood, general intelligence, verbal ability, nonverbal ability, developmental differences, early childhood, educational impact, British children
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