The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A mega-trial investigation of goal setting, interest enhancement, and energy on procrastination.
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In the citing paper
“For example, according to the Temporal Motivation Theory (TMT; Steel and König, 2006; Gröpel and Steel, 2008), motivation increases as a function of the expectancy of an outcome and the size or value of a goal, but decreases as the time span before this outcome lengthens and impulsiveness increases.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gröpel and Steel, 2008
In the citing paper
“Additionally, they found weak negative associations of procrastination to age (r = -.17) and female sex (r = -.08).”
From Procrastination, Distress and Life Satisfaction across the Age Range – A German Representative Community Study (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
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Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
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Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
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Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
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Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810
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Hammer, T. H., Anderson, J. F., Gurdon, M. A., Jick, T. D., Petit, A., Stern, R. N., Schwartz, H., Vardi, Y., & Dunnette, M. D. (1977) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391755 · Cited by 11,947
Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705 · Cited by 7,766
The four-phase model of interest development
Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (2006) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_4 · Cited by 4,702
(2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-109890-2.x5027-6 · Cited by 4,453
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Schouwenburg, 1993, Procrastinating and failure-fearing students in terms of personality-describing adjectives, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en Haar Grensgebieden, 48, 43
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Academic procrastination: psychological antecedents revisited
Steel, P., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2016) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12173 · Cited by 534
Self-citationProcrastination: When Good Things Don’t Come to Those Who Wait
Klingsieck, K. B. (2013) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000138 · Cited by 483
Steel, P., & Ferrari, J. (2013) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1851 · Cited by 343
“two particularly large-scale investigations—a survey study by Gröpel and Steel (2008) and a meta-analysis by Steel (2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationBeutel, M. E., Klein, E. M., Aufenanger, S., Brähler, E., Dreier, M., Müller, K. W., Quiring, O., Reinecke, L., Schmutzer, G., Stark, B., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148054 · Cited by 256
“In his seminal meta-analysis and review, Steel [2] identified task (aversiveness, delay) and personality characteristics (particularly low self-efficacy, conscientiousness, self- control and achievement motivation as well as high impulsiveness and distractibility) as determinants of procrastination, along with a poten…”
BackgroundUnderstanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure
Rozental, A., & Carlbring, P. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.513160 · Cited by 251
“Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation may therefore be equally important in explaining procrastination, but they may possibly affect individuals differently (Gröpel & Steel, 2008).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gröpel, P., & Steel, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Trnava (SK)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Steel, Piers
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 406-411
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977892793
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- procrastination, goal setting, energy, sex differences, age differences, mediation, motivational interventions, mega-trials
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