The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cigarette smoking, stress-induced analgesia and pain perception in men and women
Abstract
This study examined gender differences in smoking-related analgesia and stress-induced analgesia (SIA), as a function of pain modality. Forty men (20 smokers, 20 nonsmokers) and 37 women (17 smokers) were tested twice for pain sensitivity to tourniquet ischemia, thermal heat, and cold pressor tests; once following mental stress and once following rest control, counterbalancing order. Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to mental stress were also examined. While expected gender differences in pain sensitivity were observed, women smokers had greater threshold and tolerance times to ischemic pain than women nonsmokers (P<0.05) when pain testing followed rest. Male smokers had greater threshold and tolerance to cold pressor pain than male nonsmokers (P<0.05) after both rest and stress. Only women showed evidence for SIA, since women nonsmokers demonstrated greater ischemic pain threshold and tolerance following mental stress versus rest (P<0.05), and all women reported lower thermal heat pain unpleasantness after stress versus rest (P=0.05). Only nonsmokers showed expected inverse relationships between sympathetic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity measures and sensitivity to pain. Smokers showed evidence for blunted HPA-axis function at rest and stress. These results indicate that analgesia related to both being a smoker and stress is influenced by gender and pain modality. The reduced pain perception in smokers and absence of relationships between endogenous pain regulatory mechanisms and pain sensitivity may reflect a maladaptive response to chronic smoking.
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Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings
Fillingim, R. B., King, C. D., Ribeiro-Dasilva, M. C., Rahim-Williams, B., & Riley, J. L. (2009) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.001 · Cited by 2,766
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Sex-Based Differences in Pain Perception and Treatment
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Metadata
- Authors
- Girdler, S. S., Maixner, W., Naftel, H. A., Stewart, P. W., Moretz, R. L., & Light, K. C.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Girdler, Susan S.
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 372-385
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027714672
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA013705, DA13705)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00046, M01RR000046)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, stress-induced analgesia, pain perception, gender differences, pain threshold, pain tolerance, ischemic pain, cold pressor pain, thermal pain, psychological stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, cardiovascular response, chronic smoking
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, beta-Endorphin, Blood Pressure, Cold Temperature, Female, Heart Rate, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Ischemia, Male, Nicotine, Nociceptors, Norepinephrine, Perception, Sex Characteristics, Smoking, Stress, Psychological, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Pain Threshold
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