Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Release and Adrenergic Mediation of Smoking-Associated Hemodynamic and Metabolic Events

Cryer, Philip E.; Haymond, Morey W.; Santiago, Julio V.; Shah, Suresh D.

doi:10.1056/nejm197609092951101

Cited by 1,101Smoking Behavior and CessationBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesReceptor Mechanisms and Signaling

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Release and Adrenergic Mediation of Smoking-Associated Hemodynamic and Metabolic Events

Cryer, Philip E., Haymond, Morey W., Santiago, Julio V., Shah, Suresh D.·1976·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm197609092951101

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Abstract

We studied the effects of cigarette smoking, sham smoking and smoking during adrenergic blockade in 10 subjects to determine whether smoking released the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, as well as the adrenomedullary hormone epinephrine, and whether smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic changes were mediated through adrenergic mechanisms. Smoking-associated increments in mean (+/- S.E.M.) plasma norepinephrine (227 +/- 23 to 324 +/- 39 pg per milliliter, P less than 0.01) and epinephrine (44 +/- to 113 +/- 27 pg per milliliter, P less than 0.05) were demonstrated. Smoking-associated increments in pulse rate, blood pressure, blood glycerol and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio were prevented by adrenergic blockade; increments in plasma growth hormone and cortisol were not. Since significant smoking-associated increments, in pulse rate, blood pressure and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio, preceded measurable increments in plasma catecholamine concentrations, but were adrenergically mediated, these changes should be attributed to norepinephrine released locally from adrenergic axon terminals within the tissues rather than to increments in circulating catecholamines.

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Mean plasma epinephrine concentrations rise nearly 2-fold during quiet standing, ~3-fold during cigarette smoking, from 2-13-fold during mild to heavy exercise, and 50-fold during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
“mean plasma epinephrine concentrations rise nearly 2-fold during quiet standing (6), ~3-fold during cigarette smoking (26), from 2–13-fold during mild to heavy exercise (27), and 50fold during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (28).”
From Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man. (1980) · cites this paper as [26]

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Authors: Cryer, P. E., Haymond, M. W., Santiago, J. V., & Shah, S. D.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
ORCID: Haymond, Morey W.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1976-09-09
Volume: 295
Issue: 11
Pages: 573-577
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm197609092951101
OpenAlex: W2341712066
Semantic Scholar: 61a71636dc3f81cda5208adbb0e928b8f3d3f442
Cited by: 1,101
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 19.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Keywords: cigarette smoking, norepinephrine, epinephrine, sympathetic nervous system, adrenergic blockade, plasma catecholamines, hemodynamic response, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood lactate, growth hormone, cortisol, adrenergic neurotransmission
MeSH terms: Adult, Blood Pressure, Epinephrine, Glycerol, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Lactates, Male, Norepinephrine, Phentolamine, Propranolol, Pulse, Pyruvates, Smoking, Growth Hormone, Sympathetic Nervous System, Sympatholytics

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Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Release and Adrenergic Mediation of Smoking-Associated Hemodynamic and Metabolic Events

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