The Ordovician chitinozoan biodiversification and its leading factors
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Even without sophisticated statistical methods, it is obvious that the global peaks of diversity are the sums of the peaks of regional diversity, as shown for several fossil groups such as chitinozoans.
“Even without sophisticated statistical methods it is obvious that the global peaks of diversity are the sums of the peaks of regional diversity, as it has been clearly shown for several fossil groups, such as, for example, the chitinozoans (Paris et al., 2004; Achab and Paris, 2007), an example that should be followed by all other groups in the search for a true 'global ' biodiversity”
From No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic (2023) · cites this paper as Achab and Paris, 2007
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The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): The palaeoecological dimension
Servais, T., Owen, A. W., Harper, D. A. T., Kröger, B., & Munnecke, A. (2010) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.031 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): definition, concept and duration
Servais, T., & Harper, D. A. T. (2018) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12259 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“The global biodiversity curve of the chitinozoans clearly illustrates also the diversity pulses observed on the different palaeocontinents (Achab & Paris 2007).”
BackgroundThe Ordovician Biodiversification: revolution in the oceanic trophic chain
Servais, T., Lehnert, O., Li, J., Mullins, G. L., Munnecke, A., Nützel, A., & Vecoli, M. (2008) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00115.x · Cited by 221 · see citing works
A Cenozoic-style scenario for the end-Ordovician glaciation
Ghienne, J., Desrochers, A., Vandenbroucke, T., Achab, A., Asselin, E., Dabard, M., Farley, C., Loi, A., Paris, F., Wickson, S., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5485 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationLoi, A., Ghienne, J., Dabard, M., Paris, F., Botquelen, A., Christ, N., Elaouad-Debbaj, Z., Gorini, A., Vidal, M., Videt, B., et al. (2010) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.018 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationStigall, A. L., Edwards, C. T., Freeman, R. L., & Rasmussen, C. M. Ø. (2019) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.05.034 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
The onset of the ‘Ordovician Plankton Revolution’ in the late Cambrian
Servais, T., Perrier, V., Danelian, T., Klug, C., Martin, R., Munnecke, A., Nowak, H., Nützel, A., Vandenbroucke, T., Williams, M., et al. (2016) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.11.003 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“…(based on published diversity curves; except for radiolarians and arthropods): acritarchs, Nowak et al. (2015) and Servais et al. (2008); cephalopods, Kröger et al. (2009, 2011); graptolites, Cooper et al. (2012); chitinozoans, Achab and Paris (2007). tests or loosely attached skeletal elements.”
BackgroundCambrian–Ordovician depositional sequences in the Middle East: A perspective from Turkey
Ghienne, J., Monod, O., Kozlu, H., & Dean, W. T. (2010) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.04.004 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The Origin and Initial Rise of Pelagic Cephalopods in the Ordovician
Kröger, B., Servais, T., & Zhang, Y.-B. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007262 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“A secular increase in nutrients, or an increase in nutrient availability as an alternative trigger is difficult to demonstrate, and the diversity curves of the fossil phytoplankton [66] are an unreliable measure of the bioproductivity.”
BackgroundInfluentialVandenbroucke, T., Armstrong, H., Williams, M., Paris, F., Sabbe, K., Zalasiewicz, J., Nõlvak, J., & Verniers, J. (2010) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.026 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Chitinozoans and graptolites have been widely interpreted as being ecologically similar, occupying similar environments and water depths and being found in similar lithologies (see e.g. Achab and Paris, 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) is not a single event
Servais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B., & Harper, D. A. T. (2021) · Paleontological Research · doi:10.2517/2021pr001 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Achab and Paris, 2007). Goldman et al. (2020) provided a detailed biodiversity curve for the group, based on over 230 taxa from over 1200 sections. However, there are so far no data in the PBDB related to the Chitinozoa. Similarly, the data for the Palaeozoic phytoplankton, represented by the acritarchs, are not in th…”
InfluentialHarper, D., Zhan, R., & Jin, J.-S. (2015) · Palaeoworld · doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2015.03.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Early Palaeozoic diversifications and extinctions in the marine biosphere: a continuum of change
Harper, D. A. T., Cascales-Miñana, B., & Servais, T. (2020) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756819001298 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Ordovician polychaete diversity patterns are from Eriksson et al. (2013), whereas the Ordovician chitinozoan diversity curve is adapted from Achab & Paris (2007).”
BackgroundOrdovician chitinozoans and acritarchs from southern and southeastern Turkey
Paris, F., le Hérissé, A., Monod, O., Kozlu, H., Ghienne, J., Dean, W. T., Vecoli, M., & Günay, Y. (2007) · doi:10.1016/j.revmic.2006.11.004 · Cited by 77
Self-citationServais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Harper, D. A. T., Lefebvre, B., Munnecke, A., Wang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111592 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Biostratigraphical calibration of third order Ordovician sequences on the northern Gondwana platform
Videt, B., Paris, F., Rubino, J., Boumendjel, K., Dabard, M., Loi, A., Ghienne, J., Marante, A., & Gorini, A. (2010) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.050 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationPaleozoic oil/gas shale reservoirs in southern Tunisia: an overview
Soua, M. (2014) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.07.009 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Young, S. A., Gill, B. C., Edwards, C., Saltzman, M., & Leslie, S. (2016) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.09.040 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Fang, Q., Wu, H.-C., Hinnov, L., Wang, X., Yang, T.-S., Li, H.-Y., & Zhang, S.-H. (2016) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.06.002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Emergence, biodiversification and extinction of the chitinozoan group
Grahn, Y., & Paris, F. (2010) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s001675681000052x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“The first major biodiversity crisis for chitinozoophorans on a global basis coincides with the Guttenberg δ13C excursion (GICE) in the early Late Ordovician (Paris & Nõlvak, 1999; Paris et al. 2004; Achab & Paris, 2007; Bergström et al. 2009a,b).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLu, Y.-B., Huang, C.-J., Jiang, S., Zhang, J., Lu, Y.-C., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.04.012 · Cited by 50
Thompson, C., Kah, L. C., Astini, R., Bowring, S., & Buchwaldt, R. (2012) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.022 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“, 2009) and the potential for substantial diversification as a result of ecological interaction within an expanded ecosystem space (Droser and Finnegan, 2003; Harper, 2006; Achab and Paris, 2007; Servais et al., 2009; Servais et al., 2010).”
BackgroundPulsed cephalopod diversification during the Ordovician
Kröger, B., & Zhang, Y.-B. (2009) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.12.015 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Vecoli, M., Delabroye, A., Spina, A., & Hints, O. (2011) · Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.05.006 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hints, O., Delabroye, A., Nõlvak, J., Servais, T., Uutela, A., & Wallin, Å. (2010) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.003 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Achab and Paris (2007) summarised the physical changes that took place during the Ordovician and discussed them in relation to the diversification of the chitinozoans.”
A review of Paleozoic phytoplankton biodiversity: driver for major evolutionary events?
Kroeck, D. M., Mullins, G., Zacaï, A., Monnet, C., & Servais, T. (2022) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104113 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Phanerozoic organic-carbon-rich marine sediments: Overview and future research challenges
Negri, A., Ferretti, A., Wagner, T., & Meyers, P. (2009) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“In the Early Carboniferous, many large continents were concentrated in the southern hemisphere, where an ice cap had covered the South Pole.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe palaeogeographical impact on the biodiversity of marine faunas during the Ordovician radiations
Harper, D. A. T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Kroeck, D. M., & Servais, T. (2021) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103665 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dabard, M., Loi, A., & Paris, F. (2007) · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.011 · Cited by 36
Self-citationDelabroye, A., Vecoli, M., Hints, O., & Servais, T. (2011) · Palynology · doi:10.1080/01916122.2010.491639 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Faunal dynamics across the HICE event shows a similar pattern, with graptolites declining rather suddenly at the base of the Hirnantian (beginning of the ascending leg of the HICE; Fan and Chen 2007) and chitinozoans declining before the onset of the glaciation and the isotopic excursion (Achab and Paris 2007).”
BackgroundMethodPufahl, P., Squires, A. D., Murphy, J. B., Quesada, C., Lokier, S., Álvaro, J. J., & Hatch, J. (2020) · The Depositional Record · doi:10.1002/dep2.113 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The Ordovician was characterized by a long-lasting greenhouse climate with the highest sea levels of the Palaeozoic flooding continental interiors to form expansive epeiric seas (Achab and Paris, 2007; Munnecke et al., 2010).”
BackgroundDrifting with trilobites: The invasion of early post-embryonic trilobite stages to the pelagic realm
Laibl, L., Saleh, F., & Pérez-Peris, F. (2023) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111403 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chitinozoans from the Tremadocian graptolite shales of the Jiangnan Slope in South China
Wang, W.-H., Feng, H.-Z., Vandenbroucke, T., Li, L.-X., & Verniers, J. (2013) · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.02.003 · Cited by 28
“, 2010a,b) but they are especially well-known for their high-resolution temporal record and stratigraphic utility: based on more than seventy years of collecting and publishing material, various reviews have addressed the emergence, biodiversification and extinction of chitinozoans (Achab and Paris, 2007; Grahn and Pa…”
Servais, T., Martin, R., & Nützel, A. (2016) · Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.08.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Liang, Y., Bernardo, J., Goldman, D., Nõlvak, J., Tang, P., Wang, W.-H., & Hints, O. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1270 · Cited by 26
Microphytoplankton diversity curves of the Chinese Ordovician
Li, J., Servais, T., Yan, K., & Su, W.-B. (2007) · Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France · doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.178.5.399 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sorci, A., Cirilli, S., Clayton, G., Corrado, S., Hints, O., Goodhue, R., Schito, A., & Spina, A. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104574 · Cited by 24
Vandenbroucke, T., Hennissen, J., Zalasiewicz, J., & Verniers, J. (2008) · doi:10.1002/gj.1109 · Cited by 24
Survival of Burgess Shale-type animals in a Middle Ordovician deep-water setting
Hearing, T. W., Legg, D. A., Botting, J. P., Muir, L. A., McDermott, P., Faulkner, S., Taylor, A. C., & Brasier, M. D. (2016) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/jgs2015-131 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Diversification patterns for some groups, such as brachiopods (Zhan & Harper 2006) and chitinozoans (Achab & Paris 2007), were different on different palaeocontinents.”
BackgroundTremadocian (Early Ordovician) chitinozoan biostratigraphy of South China: An update
Liang, Y., Servais, T., Tang, P., Liu, J.-B., & Wang, W.-H. (2017) · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.08.008 · Cited by 21
Hints, O., Antonovitš, L., Bauert, G., Nestor, V., Nõlvak, J., & Tammekänd, M. (2018) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12249 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Liang, Y., Hints, O., Luan, X., Tang, P., Nõlvak, J., & Zhan, R. (2018) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.04.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Conodontophorid biodiversification during the Ordovician in South China
Wu, R.-C., Stouge, S., & Wang, Z. (2012) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2011.00303.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Ordovician Radiation: Macroevolutionary Crossroads of the Phanerozoic
Miller, A. I. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3428-1_11 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Nõlvak, J., Liang, Y., & Hints, O. (2019) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.04.002 · Cited by 16
Kozik, N. P., Young, S. A., Lindskog, A., Ahlberg, P., & Owens, J. (2023) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12545 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Masuda, F., & Ezaki, Y. (2009) · Paleontological Research · doi:10.2517/1342-8144-13.1.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Vento, B., Toro, B. A., & Maletz, J. (2014) · doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.845881 · Cited by 12
“Achab and Paris (2007) conducted a study of chitinozoan biodiversification during the Ordovician, which suggests that it was progressive and showed similar patterns in Laurentia, Baltica and Gondwana.”
BackgroundLiang, Y., Hints, O., Servais, T., Luan, X., Nõlvak, J., Tang, P., & Wu, R. (2018) · Lethaia: an international journal of palaeontology and stratigraphy · doi:10.1111/let.12308 · Cited by 11
Steemans, P., & Javaux, E. (2007) · Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) · doi:10.4267/2042/7042 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Eighty years of chitinozoan research: From Alfred Eisenack to Florentin Paris
Servais, T., Achab, A., & Asselin, E. (2013) · Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.05.008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationChitinozoan diversity in the East Baltic Silurian
Nestor, V. (2009) · doi:10.3176/earth.2009.4.09 · Cited by 10
“The evaluation of physico-chemical factors affecting Ordovician chitinozoan diversity and comparison of the diversification patterns with other benthic and pelagic fossil groups are given by Achab & Paris (2007).”
Amberg, C., Vandenbroucke, T., Molyneux, S., & Servais, T. (2017) · doi:10.1080/01916122.2017.1348721 · Cited by 8
“Few chitinozoans have been recovered from this interval, and their diversity is low (Achab & Paris 2007, fig.”
BackgroundPaluveer, L., Nestor, V., & Hints, O. (2014) · doi:10.1080/11035897.2013.873987 · Cited by 7
“The Baltic regional diversity curves have been discussed by Paris et al. (2004), Achab & Paris (2007) and Nestor (2009), based on the counts of species per time slices, stages or biozones.”
BackgroundMethodGradstein, F. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824360-2.00003-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rocha, P., da Silveira, R. R., & Barbosa, R. C. D. M. (2019) · Brazilian Journal of Geology · doi:10.1590/2317-4889201920180130 · Cited by 7
Wickson, S. (2011) · doi:10.20381/ruor-19510 · Cited by 7
“Modified from Achab & Paris, 2007 [20] and”
MethodWang, W.-H., Tang, P., Chen, W.-J., & Tan, J.-Q. (2019) · Palaeoworld · doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2018.06.001 · Cited by 6
Tonarová, P., Vodrážková, S., Hints, O., Nõlvak, J., Kubajko, M., & Čáp, P. (2023) · Geobios · doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2023.01.008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Reprint of ‘Eighty years of chitinozoan research: From Alfred Eisenack to Florentin Paris’
Servais, T., Achab, A., & Asselin, E. (2013) · Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.08.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationPalaeontology: Meteoritic spur to life?
Paris, F. (2008) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo.2007.63 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W.-H., Liang, Y., Lyu, Q., Hints, O., Chen, S., & Nõlvak, J. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110348 · Cited by 2
Richards, J., & Ortega‐Hernández, J. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.686786 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Fossil evidence for chitinozoans dates to mid-302 Cambrian strata [79], although they are more common from the Ordovician to Devonian [80,81].”
Hydrodynamics as a hidden abiotic factor constraining Ordovician chitinozoan morphological evolution
Zhu, G., Qiao, L., Du, M.-H., & Wang, W.-H. (2023) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111568 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Early–Middle Ordovician chitinozoans from the Dawan Formation, Yichang area, Central China
Liang, Y., Wu, S.-H., Luan, X., & Zhan, R. (2026) · Journal of Micropalaeontology · doi:10.5194/jm-45-73-2026
Marine and non-marine palynomorphs from the Ordovician sequence of Takche Formation, Spiti, India
Shabbar, H., Gupta, S., Saxena, A., & Singh, K. J. (2025) · Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India · doi:10.1177/05529360251378254
“The stratigraphic utility of chiti-nozoans has been firmly established through decades of global work, owing to their rapid evolutionary turnover and wide palaeogeographic distribution (Achab & Paris, 2007; Grahn, 2006).”
Song, L. (2019) · IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/237/3/032095
- Authors
- Achab, A., & Paris, F.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Paris, Florentin
- ORCID
- Paris, Florentin
- Venue
- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 245
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 5-19
- ISSN
- 0031-0182 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013847698
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Keywords
- Ordovician, Ordovician extinction, Laurentia, Baltica, northern Gondwana, endemism, thermohaline circulation, global cooling, Late Ordovician, Hirnantian glaciation
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