Early Palaeozoic diversifications and extinctions in the marine biosphere: a continuum of change
Open accessAbstract
A review of biodiversity curves of marine organisms indicates that, despite fluctuations in amplitude (some large), a large-scale, long-term radiation of life took place during the early Palaeozoic Era; it was aggregated by a succession of more discrete and regionalized radiations across geographies and within phylogenies. This major biodiversification within the marine biosphere started during late Precambrian time and was only finally interrupted in the Devonian Period. It includes both the Cambrian Explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. The establishment of modern marine ecosystems took place during a continuous chronology of the successive establishment of organisms and their ecological communities, developed during the ‘Cambrian substrate revolution’, the ‘Ordovician plankton revolution’, the ‘Ordovician substrate revolution’, the ‘Ordovician bioerosion revolution’ and the ‘Devonian nekton revolution’. At smaller scales, different regional but important radiations can be recognized geographically and some of them have been identified and named (e.g. those associated with the ‘Richmondian Invasion’ during Late Ordovician time in Laurentia and the contemporaneous ‘Boda event’ in parts of Europe and North Africa), in particular from areas that were in or moved towards lower latitudes, allowing high levels of speciation on epicontintental seas during these intervals. The datasets remain incomplete for many other geographical areas, but also for particular time intervals (e.g. during the late Cambrian ‘Furongian Gap’). The early Palaeozoic biodiversification therefore appears to be a long-term process, modulated by bursts in significant diversity and intervals of inadequate data, where its progressive character will become increasingly clearer with the availability of more complete datasets, with better global coverage and more advanced analytical techniques.
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Many other fossil groups demonstrate different scenarios, with the two distinct Cambrian and Ordovician radiations largely invisible.
“On the other hand, many other groups demonstrate different scenarios, with the two distinct Cambrian and Ordovician radiations largely invisible (Harper et al., 2020).”
From No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic (2023) · cites this paper as Harper et al., 2020
In “The early Palaeozoic radiation” (page unavailable), the paper says individual fossil groups show different diversity trends and that the Cambrian Explosion is visible for some groups but not all. It also describes Ordovician biodiversity as a sum of radiations occurring at different times and intensities. That supports the differing scenarios, but not the stronger claim that both distinct radiations are largely invisible in many groups. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNone of the available datasets is complete in terms of palaeocontinental coverage.
“It became obvious that none of the available datasets is complete in terms of palaeocontinental coverage.”
From No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic (2023) · cites this paper as Harper et al., 2020
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Self-citation26. Crinozoan, Blastozoan, Echinozoan, Asterozoan, and Homalozoan Echinoderms
Sprinkle, J., & Guensburg, T. E. (2004) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/webb12678-027 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
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Self-citationThe Invasion Hierarchy: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Invasions in the Fossil Record
Stigall, A. L. (2019) · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062638 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Evins, L. Z., Jourdan, F., & Phillips, D. (2009) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.01.014 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Palaeozoic brachiopod extinctions, survival and recovery: patterns within the rhynchonelliformeans
Harper, D. A. T., & Jia‐Yu, R. (2001) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.897 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation8. Was There an Ordovician Superplume Event?
Barnes, C. R. (2004) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/webb12678-009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Phanerozoic Taxonomic Diversity: A Test of Alternate Models
Valentine, J. W. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.180.4090.1078 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Diversity dynamics of Ordovician Bryozoa
Ernst, A. (2017) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12235 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Smolarek-Lach, J., Marynowski, L., Trela, W., & Wignall, P. B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39333-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Age calibration of the lower Ordovician Fezouata Lagerstätte, Morocco
Lefebvre, B., Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C., Lehnert, O., Martin, E. L. O., Nowak, H., Akodad, M., El Hariri, K., & Servais, T. (2018) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12240 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationTiming and periodicity of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity and environmental change
Roberts, G. G., & Mannion, P. D. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42538-7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Maletz, J. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118515624 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Nardin, E., & Lefebvre, B. (2010) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.005 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Palaeozoic calcareous plankton: evidence from the Silurian of Gotland
Munnecke, A., & Servais, T. (2008) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00113.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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How is biodiversity produced? Examining speciation processes during the GOBE
Stigall, A. L. (2017) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12232 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Harper, D. A. T., Owen, A. W., & Bruton, D. L. (2009) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp325.8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationOrdovician provincial signals from Appalachian‐ Caledonian terranes
Harper, D. A. T. (1992) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00473.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationThe dawn of a dynasty: life strategies of Cambrian and Ordovician brachiopods
Topper, T. P., Zhang, Z., Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C., et al. (2017) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12229 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Franeck, F., & Liow, L. H. (2019) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/pab.2019.4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chapter 18 Ordovician and Silurian polychaete diversity and biogeography
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Chronostratigraphic accuracy of Ordovician ecostratigraphic correlation
Rabe, B. D., & Cisne, J. L. (1980) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1980.tb01039.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Harper, D. A. T., Bruton, D. L., & Rasmussen, C. M. Ø. (2008) · Fossils and strata · doi:10.18261/9781405186643-2008-04 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKröger, B., & Lintulaakso, K. (2017) · Palaeontologia Electronica · doi:10.26879/729 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cooper, R. A. (2004) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/webb12678-005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Fan, J., Hou, X., Chen, Q., Melchin, M. J., Goldman, D., Zhang, L., & Chen, Z. (2014) · GFF · doi:10.1080/11035897.2014.880070 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
An earth system approach to understanding the end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction
Armstrong, H. A., & Harper, D. A. T. (2014) · Geological Society of America eBooks · doi:10.1130/2014.2505(14 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationMinerals in the gut: scoping a Cambrian digestive system
Strang, K. M., Armstrong, H. A., & Harper, D. A. T. (2016) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.160420 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationConcluding IGCP 503: Towards a holistic view of Ordovician and Silurian Earth systems
Harper, D. A. T., Li, J., Munnecke, A., Owen, A. W., Servais, T., & Sheehan, P. M. (2011) · Episodes · doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i1/005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationContextualizing the Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
Harper, D. A. T., & Servais, T. (2018) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12264 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationShields, G., & Veizer, J. (2004) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/webb12678-007 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bruton, D. L., & Harper, D. A. T. (1992) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00470.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationNew Perspectives on the Origin of Metazoan Complexity: An Introduction to the Symposium
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II. Remarks on the Skeleton of the Archæopteryx; and on the Relations of the Bird to the Reptile
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High rates of arc consumption by subduction processes: Some consequences
Lallemand, S. (1995) · Geology · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023
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- Harper DAT and Rong JY (2001) Palaeozoic brachiopod extinctions and recoveries. Geological Journal 36, 317-28.
- Maletz J (2017) Graptolite Palaeobiology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 336 p.
- Rozhnov SV (2017) The beginning of the Ordovician evolutionary radiation in the Baltic Region: substrate revolution, explosive increase in diversity of stalked echinoderms, and the cyanobacterial origin of hardgrounds. In Filling the Gap between the Cambrian Explosion and the GOBE-IGCP Project 653: Annual Meeting 2017, Extended Summaries (eds YD Zhang, RB Zhan, JX Fan and LA Muir), pp. 133-9. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Deng, Y., Fan, J., Zhang, S., Fang, X., Chen, Z., Shi, Y., Wang, H., Wang, X., Yang, J., Hou, X., et al. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103743 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Servais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Harper, D. A. T., Lefebvre, B., Munnecke, A., Wang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111592 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationThe palaeogeographical impact on the biodiversity of marine faunas during the Ordovician radiations
Harper, D. A. T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Kroeck, D. M., & Servais, T. (2021) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103665 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Harper, D. A. T., Cascales-Miñana, B., & Servais, T.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Harper, David A.T.
- Venue
- Geological Magazine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2019-12-03
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-21
- ISSN
- 0016-7568 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5081
- OpenAlex
- W2992068687
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 5.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Geological Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Keywords
- Lower Paleozoic, marine biodiversity, diversification, extinction, Cambrian explosion, Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, Precambrian, Devonian, bioerosion, nekton, epicontinental sea, speciation, Laurentia
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