The palaeogeographical impact on the biodiversity of marine faunas during the Ordovician radiations
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The Ordovician radiation started in some parts of the world (China, Gondwana) in the late Cambrian, when Baltica was in higher latitudes and far away from tropical waters ideal for speciation and diversification; when Baltica moved to lower latitudes during the Middle Ordovician, diversification rates 'exploded' and the numbers of taxa in the PBDB are much higher for this interval because a large
“Similarly, the Ordo vician radiation started in some parts of the world (China, Gondwana) in the late Cambrian, when a palaeocontinent such as Baltica was in higher latitudes and far away from tropical waters that are ideal for speciation and diversification (see below, Fig. 6). Logically, when Baltica moved to lower latitudes during the Middle Ordovician, the diversification rates 'exploded '”
From No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic (2023) · cites this paper as Harper et al., 2021
The PBDB is not only biased, with a large majority of data from the western world, but also the data from North America (palaeocontinent Laurentia) largely dominate the 'global' database, followed by data from northern Europe (Baltica and Avalonia), with the 'global' PBDB curve reflecting actually the evolution of marine life during the early Palaeozoic of the 'western' world.
“In the latter study, it became clear that the PBDB is not only biased, with a large majority of data from the western world, but also that the data from North America (palae ocontinent Laurentia) largely dominate the 'global ' database, followed by the data from northern Europe (Baltica and Avalonia), with the 'global ' PBDB curve reflecting actually the evolution of marine life”
From No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic (2023) · cites this paper as Harper et al., 2021
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Ginot, S., & Goudemand, N. (2020) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103325 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Harper, D. A. T., & Stewart, S. E. (2007) · Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh · doi:10.1017/s1755691007078450 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationImpacts of spatial and environmental differentiation on early Palaeozoic marine biodiversity
Penny, A., & Kröger, B. (2019) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1035-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Miller, A. I. (2001) · Palaeobiology II · doi:10.1002/9780470999295.ch9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Assessing trilobite biodiversity change in the Ordovician of the British Isles
McCormick, T., & Owen, A. W. (2001) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.881 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Penny, A., Hints, O., & Kröger, B. (2021) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/pab.2021.3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The diversity of the Lower Paleozoïc phytoplankton: the phytopal project
Mullins, G. L., Alridge, R. J., Dorning, K. J., Hérissé, A. L., Moczydłowska-Vidal, M., Molyneux, S. G., Servais, T., & Wicander, R. (2005) · HAL · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Great Ordovician Biodiversification
Webby, B. D., Mary, L. D., & Percival, I. G. (2005) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Brachiopoda: Fossil and Recent
(2008) · Fossils and strata · doi:10.18261/9781405186643-2008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Candela, Y., & Harper, D. A. T. (2014) · Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh · doi:10.1017/s1755691014000140 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationBiodiversity changes of the Ordovician trilobites in the middle Yangtze region of South China
Song, Z., Xiao, Y., & Xiao, C. (2020) · Proceedings of the Geologists Association · doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2020.10.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
High rates of arc consumption by subduction processes: Some consequences
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Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 129 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Servais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Harper, D. A. T., Lefebvre, B., Munnecke, A., Wang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111592 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationLandscape dynamics and the Phanerozoic diversification of the biosphere
Salles, T. B., Husson, L., Lorcery, M., & Boggiani, B. H. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06777-z · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“If so, the calculated strong correlation would represent an original tool to deconstruct biodiversity curves 37 , and computed sediment flux could be used to find under-explored regions with high preservation potentials from the spatiotemporal distribution of simulated palaeo-rivers (Extended Data…”
MethodA review of Paleozoic phytoplankton biodiversity: driver for major evolutionary events?
Kroeck, D. M., Mullins, G., Zacaï, A., Monnet, C., & Servais, T. (2022) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104113 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationLate Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice
Harper, D. A. T. (2023) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwad319 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of global climate cooling on Ordovician marine biodiversity
Ontiveros, D. E., Beaugrand, G., Lefèbvre, B., Marcilly, C. M., Servais, T., & Pohl, A. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41685-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“It was already identi fi ed in the seminal work of Sepkoski 5 and stands in most recent compilations 3,4 , although the timing of its onset is strongly dependent on the studied taxonomic group and geographical region considered 6 .”
BackgroundSelf-citationSaleh, F., Guenser, P., Gibert, C., Balseiro, D., Serra, F., Waisfeld, B. G., Antcliffe, J. B., Daley, A. C., Mángano, M. G., Buatois, L. A., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07822-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chen, C., Wang, J., Chen, X., Algeo, T. J., Wang, Z., Yang, W., & Song, Q. (2024) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112176 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The bias types and drivers of the Furongian Biodiversity Gap
Du, M., Li, H., Tan, J., Wang, Z., & Wang, W. (2023) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111394 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hu, C., Qin, T., Ma, J., Han, C., & Wang, X. (2023) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756823000286 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The YCP was located in the low latitudes during the Cambrian–Ordovician (Huang et al. 2000; Popov et al. 2009; Nardin et al. 2011; Torsvik & Cocks, 2013; Cocks & Torsvik, 2021; Harper et al. 2021).”
BackgroundChanging palaeobiogeography during the Ordovician Period
Servais, T., Harper, D. A. T., Kröger, B., Scotese, C. R., Stigall, A. L., & Zhen, Y. Y. (2022) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp532-2022-168 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Ordovician ocean circulation: a modern synthesis based on data and models
Pohl, A., Nardin, É., Vandenbroucke, T. R. A., & Yannick Donnadieu, A. (2022) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp532-2022-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Veenma, Y. P., & Davies, N. S. (2024) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp556-2024-96 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Organic-walled microfossils from the lower Cambrian of North Greenland: a reappraisal of diversity
Wallet, E., Slater, B. J., & Willman, S. (2023) · Palynology · doi:10.1080/01916122.2023.2251044 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Serra, F., Balseiro, D., & Waisfeld, B. G. (2023) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111448 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Liu, K., Jiang, M., Tang, P., & Chen, D. (2024) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112371 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Ordovician bioclaustration revolution
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Ernst, A., & Toom, U. (2023) · Geobios · doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2022.10.007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Macroscopic symbiotic endobionts in Phanerozoic bryozoans
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., & Ernst, A. (2023) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111453 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Luan, X., Desrochers, A., Wu, R., Liu, J., Wang, G., Liang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xin, W. E. I., Li, L., & Zhan, R. (2023) · Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition · doi:10.1111/1755-6724.15101 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Spatiotemporally diachronous radiations in clades and data biases characterize the GOBE and continuously hinder our understandings (Servais and Harper, 2018; Harper et al., 2021; Servais et al., 2021, 2023).”
BackgroundDiamond, C., Saltzman, M. R., Lyons, T. W., & Edwards, C. T. (2024) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112499 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tonarová, P., Vodrážková, S., Hints, O., Nõlvak, J., Kubajko, M., & Čáp, P. (2023) · Geobios · doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2023.01.008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Evolution of brachiopod symbiosis in the early Paleozoic
Vinn, O., Holmer, L. E., & Wilson, M. A. (2023) · Historical Biology · doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2212368 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Plate tectonics and temperature were major forces behind the biodiversification (Harper et al. 2021).”
BackgroundRubinstein, C. V., & Vajda, V. (2023) · GFF · doi:10.1080/11035897.2023.2244015 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jeon, J., Zhang, Y., Kershaw, S., & Zhan, R. (2025) · Palaeoworld · doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201051 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Heterogeneous diversification dynamics reshaped early Paleozoic marine evolutionary history
Du, M., Wang, Y., Tan, J., Wang, W., Hu, R., Algeo, T. J., Boyle, R. A., Harper, D. A. T., & Servais, T. (2026) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105427 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationPaleobiogeography of early to middle Paleozoic phytoplankton: A review and synthesis
Manzano, E. G., Monnet, C., Kroeck, D. M., Molyneux, S. G., Nowak, H., Nätscher, P., & Servais, T. (2025) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113412 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Ordovician System: Key concepts, events and its distribution across Europe
Harper, D. A. T., Lefèbvre, B., Percival, I. G., & Servais, T. (2023) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp532-2023-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationServais, T., Harper, D. A. T., & Wang, W. (2023) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111838 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationCosta, G. M. D., & Albanesi, G. L. (2024) · Journal of Palaeogeography · doi:10.1016/j.jop.2024.08.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, K., Jiang, M., & Chen, D. (2025) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105209 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vinn, O., Holmer, L. E., Wilson, M. A., Isakar, M., & Toom, U. (2023) · Palaios · doi:10.2110/palo.2023.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hydrodynamics as a hidden abiotic factor constraining Ordovician chitinozoan morphological evolution
Zhu, G., Qiao, L., Du, M.-H., & Wang, W.-H. (2023) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111568 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, Z., Harper, D. A. T., Grasby, S. E., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103894 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFilling knowledge gaps in the Ordovician radiations
Lefèbvre, B., & Servais, T. (2023) · Geobios · doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2023.10.001
Self-citationResearch progress of microbialites in Ordovician
Ya-mei, D. E. N. G., Chuan-tao, X. I. A. O., Zhen-yu, S. O. N. G., Peng-liang, Q. I., Jian-zhong, L. I. U., & Wen-ming, W. U. (2024) · Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry · doi:10.3724/j.issn.1007-2802.20240091
Vinn, O., Liang, K., Isakar, M., Alkahtane, A. A., Alfarraj, S. A., & Hedeny, M. E. (2025) · Palaios · doi:10.2110/palo.2024.010
Seo, M.-J., Cho, S. H., & Choh, S. (2025) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113339
Helms, L., Gill, B. C., Tarhan, L. G., & Pruss, S. B. (2026) · Palaios · doi:10.2110/palo.2025.036
- Authors
- Harper, D. A. T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Kroeck, D. M., & Servais, T.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Harper, David A.T.
- Venue
- Global and Planetary Change
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 207
- Pages
- 103665
- ISSN
- 0921-8181 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3203197414
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 5.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Global and Planetary Change (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- Ordovician, paleogeography, marine fauna, diversification, brachiopods, Ordovician radiation, Baltica, Laurentia, South China
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