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Cited by 134Diabetes Management and EducationBehavioral Health and InterventionsDiabetes Management and Research

Goal setting in diabetes self-management: taking the baby steps to success

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DeWalt, Darren A., Davis, Terry C., Wallace, Andrea S., Seligman, Hilary K., Bryant-Shilliday, Betsy, Arnold, Connie L., Freburger, Janet, Schillinger, Dean·2009·Patient Education and Counseling
DOI 10.1016/j.pec.2009.03.012PMC PMC4286314
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Abstract

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of a diabetes self-management guide and a brief counseling intervention in helping patients set and achieve their behavioral goals.Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental study using a one group pretest posttest design to assess the effectiveness of a goal setting intervention along with a self-management guide. English- and Spanish-speaking patients with diabetes had one in-person session and two telephone follow-up calls with a non-clinical provider over a 12-16-week period. At each call and at the end of the study, we assessed success in achieving behavioral goals and problem solving toward those goals. Satisfaction with the self-management guide was assessed at the end of the study.Results We enrolled 250 patients across three sites and 229 patients completed the study. Most patients chose to set goals in diet and exercise domains. 93% of patients achieved at least one behavioral goal during the study and 73% achieved at least two behavioral goals. Many patients exhibited problem solving behavior to achieve their goals. We found no significant differences in reported achievement of behavior goals by literacy or language. Patients were very satisfied with the guide.Conclusions A brief goal setting intervention along with a diabetes self-management guide helped patients set and achieve healthy behavioral goals.Practice implications Non-clinical providers can successfully help a diverse range of patients with diabetes set and achieve behavioral goals.

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  • Setting small, achievable goals enhances people's ability to cope with their diabetes.

    “An early study by DeWalt and colleagues found that setting small, achievable goals not only enhances people's ability to cope with their diabetes, but that people with diabetes who set and achieved their goals often initiated additional behavioral changes on their own (84).”

    From Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range (2019) · cites this paper as [84]

    The Conclusion (section 4.2) says small goals may lead to better coping with diabetes; it does not establish that they enhance coping. The Discussion (section 4.1) does report that patients who set and achieved goals often initiated additional behavioral changes. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • People with diabetes who set and achieved their goals often initiated additional behavioral changes on their own.

    “An early study by DeWalt and colleagues found that setting small, achievable goals not only enhances people's ability to cope with their diabetes, but that people with diabetes who set and achieved their goals often initiated additional behavioral changes on their own (84).”

    From Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range (2019) · cites this paper as [84]

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Authors
DeWalt, D. A., Davis, T. C., Wallace, A. S., Seligman, H. K., Bryant-Shilliday, B., Arnold, C. L., Freburger, J., & Schillinger, D.
Affiliations
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • Louisiana State University (US)
  • University of New Mexico (US)
  • San Francisco General Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
DeWalt, Darren A.
ORCID
Venue
Patient Education and Counseling
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-11
Volume
77
Issue
2
Pages
218-223
ISSN
0738-3991 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.pec.2009.03.012
PMC
PMC4286314
OpenAlex
W1967547074
Cited by
134
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
FWCI
8.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Patient Education and Counseling (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Iowa Research Online (University of Iowa) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • National Institute of Nursing Research (T32 NR 08856, T32NR008856)
  • National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024131, K23 RR16539, K23RR016539)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
diabetes self-management, goal setting, behavioral objectives, brief counseling intervention, telephone follow-up, diet, physical activity, problem solving, language and literacy, patient satisfaction, Spanish-speaking patients
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Counseling, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Feasibility Studies, Female, Goals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Chi-Square Distribution, Patient Satisfaction

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