Cited by 737Fuel Cells and Related MaterialsElectrocatalysts for Energy ConversionElectric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies

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Degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under typical automotive operating conditions

Ren, Peng, Pei, Pucheng, Li, Yuehua, Wu, Ziyao, Chen, Dongfang, Huang, Shangwei·2020·Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100859

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Abstract

Abstract The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is an ideal automotive power source with great potential, owing to its high efficiency and zero emissions. However, the durability and life-span limit its large-scale application. Complex automotive operating conditions significantly accelerate fuel cell aging, and result in diverse degradation mechanisms that require comprehensive understanding. This review focuses on three harsh conditions of open-circuit/idling, dynamic load, and startup-shutdown. In-situ and ex-situ accelerated stress tests (ASTs) for the three conditions are summarized in terms of methodology, research objectives, and conditions of application. Reversible decay may arise during ASTs and lead to an over-estimation of the aging state, of which the causes and recovery procedures are emphasized. The degradation mechanisms are elaborated systematically according to parameter characteristics, microstructure, and aging reactions. First, increased gas permeation and a high cathode potential during open-circuit/idling combine to intensify generation of free radicals that cause membrane degradation. Pt degradation and migration are also accelerated, characterized by increased Pt particle growth and precipitation in the membrane. The debate regarding the effect of Pt precipitation on membrane degradation is resolved based on a literature review. Second, dynamic load brings about changes in the thermal/humidity state, altered reactant demand, and potential cycling, which lead to mechanical degradation, gas starvation, and Pt particle growth, respectively. To account for the accelerated particle growth, electrochemical Ostwald ripening and increased Pt dissolution are reviewed. Third, an air/hydrogen boundary appears in the anode under startup-shutdown condition and causes carbon corrosion in the local cathode via the reverse current mechanism. The cathode thereby suffers from severe and non-uniform structural damage and even structural collapse, accompanied by Pt agglomeration and detachment. Meanwhile, difficulties in mass transfer arise because of ionomer redistribution, decreased porosity, and carbon surface hydrophilization. In addition, cold start produces severe damage to component structures. This paper seeks to guide further investigation into improved fuel cell durability via mechanism analysis, condition optimization, control strategy development, structural design of the membrane electrode assembly, and component material development.

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Self-citation
Fuel Cells
Revankar, S. T., & Majumdar, P. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15965 · Cited by 57
The Influence of Catalyst Layer Thickness on the Performance and Degradation of PEM Fuel Cell Cathodes with Constant Catalyst Loading
Darab, M., Barnett, A. O., Lindbergh, G., Thomassen, M. S., & Sunde, S. (2017) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.101 · Cited by 56
Anode and cathode overpotentials and temperature profiles in a PEMFC
Herrera, O. E., Wilkinson, D. P., & Mérida, W. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.042 · Cited by 56
Experimental investigation of PEM fuel cell aging under current cycling using segmented fuel cell
Weng, F.-B., Hsu, C.-Y., & Li, C. (2010) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.065 · Cited by 56
Study by electron microscopy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly degradation mechanisms: Influence of local conditions
Guétaz, L., Escribano, S., & Sicardy, O. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.03.096 · Cited by 55
Study of the effect of temperature on Pt dissolution in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells via accelerated stress tests
Dhanushkodi, S. R., Kundu, S., Fowler, M. W., & Pritzker, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.016 · Cited by 55
Study of high voltage applied to the membrane electrode assemblies of proton exchange membrane fuel cells as an accelerated degradation technique
Jung, G., Chuang, K.-Y., Jao, T.-C., Yeh, C.-C., & Lin, C. (2012) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.046 · Cited by 55
The effect of platinum in a Nafion membrane on the durability of the membrane under fuel cell conditions
Zhao, D., Yi, B., ZHANG, H.-M., & Liu, M. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.043 · Cited by 55
Development of a galvanostatic analysis technique as an in-situ diagnostic tool for PEMFC single cells and stacks
Lee, K., Lee, B. S., Yoo, S. J., Kim, S., Hwang, S. J., Kim, H., Cho, E., Henkensmeier, D., Yun, J. W., Nam, S. W., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.12.152 · Cited by 55
Numerical analysis of ice-induced stresses in the membrane electrode assembly of a PEM fuel cell under sub-freezing operating conditions
Zhan, Z., Zhao, H., Sui, P., Jiang, P., Pan, M., & Djilali, N. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.064 · Cited by 55
Degradation mechanisms in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells caused by freeze-cycles: Investigation using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Sabawa, J. P., & Bandarenka, A. S. (2019) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.102 · Cited by 55
In-situ diagnostics and degradation mapping of a mixed-mode accelerated stress test for proton exchange membranes
Lai, Y.-H., & Fly, G. W. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.116 · Cited by 54
Carbon corrosion fingerprint development and de-convolution of performance loss according to degradation mechanism in PEM fuel cells
Dhanushkodi, S. R., Tam, M., Kundu, S., Fowler, M. W., & Pritzker, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.033 · Cited by 54
A lifetime prediction model for coated metallic bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Yi, P., Li, X., Li, Y., Fan, F., Peng, L., & Lai, X. (2019) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.092 · Cited by 54
Self-citation
Local Catalyst Support Degradation during Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Start-Up and Shutdown
Kreitmeier, S. N., Wokaun, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2012) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.019212jes · Cited by 53
Development of a Durable PEMFC Startup Process by Applying a Dummy Load
Kim, J., Cho, E. A., Jang, J. H., Kim, H., Lim, T., Oh, I., Ko, J. J., & Oh, S. C. (2009) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3148222 · Cited by 53
The Dynamics of Platinum Precipitation in an Ion Exchange Membrane
Burlatsky, S. F., Gummalla, M., Atrazhev, V. V., Dmitriev, D. V., Kuzminyh, N. Y., & Erikhman, N. S. (2011) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3532956 · Cited by 53
Study on voltage clamping and self-humidification effects of pem fuel cell system with dual recirculation based on orthogonal test method
Zhao, X., Xu, L., Fang, C., Jiang, H., Li, J., & Ouyang, M. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.172 · Cited by 53
Recovery mechanisms in proton exchange membrane fuel cells after accelerated stress tests
Zhang, X., Guo, L., & Liu, H. (2015) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.07.063 · Cited by 52
Coarsening of Pt Nanoparticles in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells upon Potential Cycling
Shao‐Horn, Y., Ferreira, P. J., la O’, G. J., Morgan, D. D., Gasteiger, H. A., & Makharia, R. R. (2006) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2214553 · Cited by 51
Degradation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells repetitively exposed to reverse current condition under different temperature
Jo, Y. Y., Cho, E., Kim, J. H., Lim, T., Oh, I., Kim, S., Kim, H., & Jang, J. H. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.035 · Cited by 51
Platinum dendrites with controlled sizes for oxygen reduction reaction
Kim, C., Oh, J.-G., Kim, Y., Kim, H., & Lee, H. (2010) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2010.09.004 · Cited by 51
Effect of electrode Pt-loading and cathode flow-field plate type on the degradation of PEMFC
Qu, L., Wang, Z., Guo, X., Song, W., Xie, F., He, L., Shao, Z., & Yi, B. (2018) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2018.09.004 · Cited by 50
Catalyst Durability in PEM Fuel Cells with Low Platinum Loading
Arisetty, S., Wang, X., Ahluwalia, R., Mukundan, R., Borup, R. L., Davey, J. R., Langlois, D. A., Gambini, F., Polevaya, O. Y., & Blanchet, S. (2012) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.jes113064 · Cited by 50
Use of galvanostatic charge method as a membrane electrode assembly diagnostic tool in a fuel cell stack
Pei, P., Xu, H., Zeng, X., Zha, H., & Song, M. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.201 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
In-situ simulation of membrane fatigue in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Khorasany, R. M. H., Singh, Y., Sadeghi Alavijeh, A., Rajapakse, R. K. N. D., & Kjeang, E. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.173 · Cited by 49
Behavior of a unit proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a stack under fuel starvation
Liang, D., Dou, M., Hou, M., Shen, Q., Shao, Z., & Yi, B. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.064 · Cited by 48
Impact of humidification by cathode exhaust gases recirculation on a PEMFC system for automotive applications
Rodosik, S., Poirot-Crouvezier, J.-P., & Bultel, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.139 · Cited by 48
Deterioration of Pt Catalyst Under Potential Cycling
Kawahara, S., Mitsushima, S., Ota, K., & Kamiya, N. (2006) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2356183 · Cited by 47
In-plane and through-plane non-uniform carbon corrosion of polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathode catalyst layer during extended potential cycles
Ghosh, S., Ohashi, H., Tabata, H., Hashimasa, Y., & Yamaguchi, T. (2017) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.017 · Cited by 47
Ageing of PEMFC’s due to operation at low current density: Investigation of oxidative degradation
Franck-Lacaze, L., Bonnet, C., Choi, E., Moss, J. A., Pontvianne, S., Poirot, H., Datta, R., & Lapicque, F. (2010) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.180 · Cited by 46
Air Starvation Induced Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Bodner, M., Schenk, A., Salaberger, D., Rami, M., Hochenauer, C., & Hacker, V. (2017) · Fuel Cells · doi:10.1002/fuce.201600132 · Cited by 46
Phenomenon Analysis of PEFC for Automotive Use(1) Membrane Degradation Behavior During OCV Hold Test
Ohma, A., Suga, S., Yamamoto, S., & Shinohara, K. (2006) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2356173 · Cited by 46
Effect of air purging and dry operation on durability of PEMFC under freeze/thaw cycles
Song, K.-Y., & Kim, H. (2011) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.095 · Cited by 45
Effects of Pt loading in the anode on the durability of a membrane–electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells during startup/shutdown cycling
Eom, K., Kim, G., Cho, E., Jang, J. H., Kim, H., Yoo, S. J., Kim, S., & Hong, B. K. (2012) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.077 · Cited by 45
Influence of corrosion of SS316L bipolar plate on PEFC performance
Miyazawa, A., Tada, E., & Nishikata, A. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.12.088 · Cited by 44
Distribution profile of hydrogen and oxygen permeating in polymer electrolyte membrane measured by mixed potential
Takaichi, S., Uchida, H., & Watanabe, M. (2007) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2007.05.011 · Cited by 44
Detection of OH Radicals Generated in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes of Fuel Cells
Nosaka, Y., Ohtaka, K., Ohguri, N., & Nosaka, A. Y. (2011) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3556103 · Cited by 43
Experimental study on dual recirculation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Jiang, H., Xu, L., Fang, C., Zhao, X., Hu, Z., Li, J., & Ouyang, M. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.04.183 · Cited by 43
Effect of open circuit voltage on degradation of a short proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with bilayer membrane configurations
Zhang, S., Yuan, X., Hiesgen, R., Friedrich, K. A., Wang, H., Schulze, M., Haug, A., & Li, H. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.031 · Cited by 42
Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells durability evaluated by load-on/off cycling
Janssen, G. J. M., Sitters, E. F., & Pfrang, A. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.02.027 · Cited by 41
Performance of individual cells in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack under-load cycling conditions
Bose, A. B., Babburi, P., Kumar, R., Myers, D. J., Mawdsley, J. R., & Milhuff, J. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.156 · Cited by 41
Degradation of proton exchange membrane by Pt dissolved/deposited in fuel cells
Kim, T., Lee, H., Sim, W., Lee, J., Kim, S., Lim, T.-W., & Park, K.-P. (2009) · Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11814-009-0212-9 · Cited by 40
Accelerated testing of polymer electrolyte membranes under open-circuit voltage conditions for durable proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Han, M., Shul, Y., Lee, H., Shin, D., & Bae, B. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.160 · Cited by 40
Revealing particle growth mechanisms by combining high-surface-area catalysts made with monodisperse particles and electron microscopy conducted at atmospheric pressure
Zhang, S.-Y., Cargnello, M., Cai, W., Murray, C. B., Graham, G. W., & Pan, X. Q. (2016) · Journal of Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2016.02.020 · Cited by 39
Impact of dummy load shut-down strategy on performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack
Yang, Y., Li, W., Lin, R., Xia, S., & Jiang, Z. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.003 · Cited by 39
Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Caused by an Accelerated Stress Test
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, L., & Liu, H. (2019) · Fuel Cells · doi:10.1002/fuce.201800152 · Cited by 39
Mesoscopic degradation effects of voltage cycled cathode catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Venkatesan, S. V., Dutta, M., & Kjeang, E. (2016) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2016.08.018 · Cited by 38
Aspects of PEMFC Degradation
Burlatsky, S. F., Atrazhev, V. V., Cipollini, N. E., Condit, D. A., & Erikhman, N. (2006) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2214557 · Cited by 38
Effect of gas shutoff sequences on the degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with dummy load during startup and shutdown cycles
Yu, Y., Wang, G., Tu, Z., Zhan, Z., & Pan, M. (2012) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.141 · Cited by 38
Observation of Degradation of Pt and Carbon Support in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using Combined Nano-X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques
Takao, S., Sekizawa, O., Samjeské, G., Kaneko, T., Higashi, K., Yoshida, Y., Zhao, X. D., Sakata, T., Yamamoto, T., Gunji, T., et al. (2018) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.8b04407 · Cited by 38
Investigation of FCVs durability under driving cycles using a model-based approach
Han, J., Han, J., & Yu, S. (2019) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2019.101169 · Cited by 38
Degradation Mechanisms of Carbon Supports under Hydrogen Passivation Startup and Shutdown Process for PEFCs
Yamashita, Y., Itami, S., Takano, J., Kakinuma, K., Uchida, H., Watanabe, M., Iiyama, A., & Uchida, M. (2017) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0101704jes · Cited by 37
Spatially resolved degradation effects in membrane-electrode-assemblies of vehicle aged polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks
Ettingshausen, F., Kleemann, J., Michel, M., Quintus, M., Fueß, H., & Roth, C. (2009) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.06.003 · Cited by 36
Non-kinetic losses caused by electrochemical carbon corrosion in PEM fuel cells
Park, S., Shao, Y., Viswanathan, V., Li, B., & Wang, Y. (2012) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.097 · Cited by 36
Favorable effect of in-situ generated platinum in the membrane on fuel cell membrane durability
Macauley, N., Wong, K. H., Watson, M. K., & Kjeang, E. (2015) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.08.096 · Cited by 35
Carbon Corrosion of a PEMFC During Shut-down/Start-up when Using an Air Purge Procedure
Ofstad, A. B., Davey, J. R., Sunde, S., & Borup, R. L. (2008) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2981971 · Cited by 35
Correlation between the carbon structures and their tolerance to carbon corrosion as catalyst supports for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Tamaki, T., Wang, H., Oka, N., Honma, I., Yoon, S., & Yamaguchi, T. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.205 · Cited by 35
Effects of crossover hydrogen on platinum dissolution and agglomeration
Cheng, T. T. H., Rogers, E., Young, A. P., Ye, S., Colbow, V., & Wessel, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.034 · Cited by 34
Microscopic Investigation of Platinum Deposition in PEMFC Cross-Sections Using AFM and SEM
Helmly, S., Hiesgen, R., Morawietz, T., Yuan, X., Wang, H., & Friedrich, K. A. (2013) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.130306jes · Cited by 34
Use of mechanistic carbon corrosion model to predict performance loss in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells
Dhanushkodi, S. R., Kundu, S., Fowler, M. W., & Pritzker, M. D. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.041 · Cited by 34
Analysis of Membrane Degradation Behavior During OCV Hold Test
Ohma, A., Yamamoto, S., & Shinohara, K. (2007) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2781032 · Cited by 34
The impact of ionomer type on the morphological and microstructural degradations of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes under freeze-thaw cycles
Ozden, A., Shahgaldi, S., Li, X., & Hamdullahpur, F. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.136 · Cited by 34
Comparison of test results on load cycle durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathode catalysts
Hashimasa, Y., & Numata, T. (2015) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.04.031 · Cited by 33
Characteristic analysis in lowering current density based on pressure drop for avoiding flooding in proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Li, Y., Pei, P., Ma, Z., Ren, P., Wu, Z., Chen, D., & Huang, H. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.140 · Cited by 33
Self-citation
Local Degradations Resulting from Repeated Start-ups and Shut-downs in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Lamibrac, A., Maranzana, G., Dillet, J., Lottin, O., Didierjean, S., Durst, J., Dubau, L., Maillard, F. M., & Chatenet, M. (2012) · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2012.09.038 · Cited by 32
PEMFC aging modeling for prognostics and health assessment ★ ★The authors would like to thank the ANR project PROPICE (ANR-12-PRGE-0001) and the Labex ACTION project (contract “ANR-11-LABX-01-01”) both funded by the French National Research Agency for their support.
Jouin, M., Gouriveau, R., Hissel, D., Péra, M., & Noureddine Zerhouni, A. (2015) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.09.623 · Cited by 31
Diagnosis of membrane electrode assembly degradation with drive cycle test technique
Liu, M., Wang, C., Zhang, J., Wang, J., Hou, Z., & Mao, Z. (2014) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.02.161 · Cited by 31
Start-Stop Phenomena in Channel and Land Areas of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Schneider, I., & von Dahlen, S. (2010) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.3518520 · Cited by 31
A polymer electrolyte fuel cell life test using accelerating degradation technique
Liu, M., Wang, C., Xie, F., & Mao, Z. (2013) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.086 · Cited by 31
Effects of residual oxygen partial pressure on the degradation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells under reverse current conditions
Eom, K., Jo, Y. Y., Cho, E., Lim, T., Jang, J. H., Kim, H., Hong, B. K., & Lee, J. (2011) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.085 · Cited by 31
Hydrogen emission characterization for proton exchange membrane fuel cell during oxygen starvation – Part 1: Low oxygen concentration
Narimani, M., DeVaal, J., & Golnaraghi, F. (2016) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.057 · Cited by 31
Support modification in Pt/C electrocatalysts for durability increase: A degradation study assisted by identical location transmission electron microscopy
de Souza, N. E., Bott‐Neto, J. L., Rocha, T. A., da Silva, G. C., Teixeira‐Neto, É., Gonzalez, E. R., & Ticianelli, E. A. (2018) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.180 · Cited by 29
Dynamic characteristics and mitigations of hydrogen starvations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells during start-ups
Jia, F., Guo, L., & Liu, H. (2014) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.06.061 · Cited by 29
A vehicular proton exchange membrane fuel cell system co-simulation modeling method based on the stack internal distribution parameters monitoring
Liu, B., Chen, H., Zhang, T., & Pei, P. (2019) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111898 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Cross-sectional observation of nanostructured catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cell using FIB/SEM
Katayanagi, Y., Shimizu, T., Hashimasa, Y., Matsushita, N., Yamazaki, Y., & Yamaguchi, T. (2015) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.085 · Cited by 28
Transient model of oxygen-starved proton exchange membrane fuel cell for predicting voltages and hydrogen emissions
Ebrahimi, S., DeVaal, J., Narimani, M., & Vijayaraghavan, K. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.209 · Cited by 27
Influence of the Distribution of Platinum Deposits on the Properties and Degradation of Platinum-Impregnated Nafion Membranes
Helmly, S., Ohnmacht, B., Gazdzicki, P., Hiesgen, R., Gülzow, E. F., & Friedrich, K. A. (2014) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0531414jes · Cited by 26
Study of the two-phase dummy load shut-down strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Zhang, Q., Lin, R., Cui, X., Xia, S., Yang, Z., & Chang, Y. T. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.098 · Cited by 26
Ultrasmall and uniform Pt3Au clusters strongly suppress Ostwald ripening for efficient ethanol oxidation
Zhang, L. Y., Gong, Y., Liu, H., Yuan, W., & Liu, Z. (2017) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2017.09.008 · Cited by 26
Degradations in the surface wettability and gas permeability characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes under freeze-thaw cycles: Effects of ionomer type
Ozden, A., Shahgaldi, S., Li, X., & Hamdullahpur, F. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.184 · Cited by 25
Mitigation of catalysts degradation upon stopping work of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for longer time
Tokarz, W., & Piela, P. (2016) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.067 · Cited by 25
Novel dynamic semiempirical proton exchange membrane fuel cell model incorporating component voltages
Khan, S. S., Shareef, H., Wahyudie, A., & Khalid, S. N. (2018) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.4038 · Cited by 25
Variations in performance-degradation behavior of Pt/CNF and Pt/C MEAs for the same degree of carbon corrosion
Park, J. H., Hwang, S.-M., Park, G., Park, S., Park, E.-D., & Yim, S. (2017) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.015 · Cited by 24
Open circuit voltage durability study and model of catalyst coated membranes at different humidification levels
Kundu, S., Fowler, M. W., Simon, L. C., Abouatallah, R., & Beydokhti, N. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.05.027 · Cited by 24
Accelerated life-time test of MEA durability under vehicle operating conditions in PEM fuel cell
Tian, T., Tang, J., Guo, W., & Pan, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Energy · doi:10.1007/s11708-017-0489-z · Cited by 24
Towards 40 000 hours of operation for Nedstack's FCS XXL PEM fuel cell stacks
Smit, M. A. (2014) · Fuel Cells Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s1464-2859(14)70238-x · Cited by 23
Verification of Durability Test Methods of an MEA for Automotive Application
Hashimasa, Y., Shimizu, T., Matsuda, Y., Imamura, D., & Akai, M. (2013) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/05002.0723ecst · Cited by 23
The potential of catalytic particle in ion exchange membrane
Atrazhev, V. V., Erikhman, N. S., & Burlatsky, S. F. (2006) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.11.010 · Cited by 22
Fundamental Insights in Degradation Mechanisms of Pt/C Nanoparticles for the ORR
Weber, P., Werheid, M., Janssen, M., & Oezaslan, M. (2018) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/08613.0433ecst · Cited by 22
Study on Accelerated Stress Test for Fuel Cell Lifetime
Tian, T., Tang, J., Chen, Y., Tan, J., Li, S., & Pan, M. (2018) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.20964/2018.02.69 · Cited by 22
Utilization of graphitized and fluorinated carbon as platinum nanoparticles supports for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes
Bott‐Neto, J. L., Asset, T., Maillard, F. M., Dubau, L., Ahmad, Y., Guérin, K., Berthon‐Fabry, S., Mosdale, A., Mosdale, R., Ticianelli, E. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.004 · Cited by 21
Durability test of PEMFC with Pt-PFSA composite membrane
Liu, Z., Yang, Y., Lü, W., Wang, C., Chen, M., & Mao, Z. (2011) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.094 · Cited by 21
Analysis of carbon-supported platinum through potential cycling and potential-static holding
Zhao, M., Shi, W., Wu, B., Liu, W., Liu, J., Xing, D., Yao, Y., Hou, Z., Ming, P., Gu, J., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.121 · Cited by 21
Study on the effect of membrane electrode assembly parameters on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance by galvanostatic charging method
Wu, Z., Pei, P., Xu, H., Jia, X., Ren, P., & Wang, B. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113320 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Effects of Freeze/Thaw Cycles and Gas Purging Method on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Zhang, S., Yu, H., Zhu, H., Junbo, H. O. U., Yi, B., & Ming, P. (2006) · Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/s1004-9541(07)60015-9 · Cited by 20
Electrocatalytic activity and durability study of carbon supported Pt nanodendrites in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Lee, W. H., & Kim, H. (2013) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.04.002 · Cited by 20
Evaluation of the Effect of Impregnated Platinum on PFSA Degradation for PEM Fuel Cells
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Self-citation

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4 of the 414 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

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Sorted by citations

Nafion degradation mechanisms in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system: A review
Okonkwo, P. C., Belgacem, I. B., Emori, W., & Uzoma, P. C. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.032 · Cited by 332
A review on lifetime prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells system
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Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges
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Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly
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“This does not signify that the anode catalyst is not important—at the anode, reactive oxygen species are likely to be generated under inappropriate operation (e.g., H 2 starvation, start-up/ shut-down and reversal), leading to aggressive material degradation (e.g., membrane and ionomer) [22].”
Progress and challenges on the thermal management of electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies: Fuel cells, electrolysers, and supercapacitors
Rashidi, S., Karimi, N., Sunden, B. A., Kim, K. C., Olabi, A. G., & Mahian, O. (2021) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100966 · Cited by 271

See all 737

Authors: Ren, P., Pei, P., Li, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, D., & Huang, S.
Affiliations: Tsinghua University (CN)
Corresponding author: Pei, Pucheng
ORCID: Ren, Peng
Pei, Pucheng
Li, Yuehua
Chen, Dongfang
Huang, Shangwei
Venue: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-09
Volume: 80
Pages: 100859
ISSN: 0360-1285 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100859
OpenAlex: W3033731711
Semantic Scholar: 5ff232ae7c1e6f9caa643b36c9457c5f54e0cb63
Cited by: 737
References: 414
Citations by year: 2026: 141 · 2025: 162 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 8
FWCI: 23.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2020-11-01)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China (21676158, 21376138, 21975143)
National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFB0101305, 2016YFB0101208, 2017YFB0102705)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cells, fuel cell durability, accelerated stress testing, dynamic loading, gas permeation, free radicals, membrane degradation, gas starvation, mechanical degradation, Ostwald ripening, platinum dissolution, carbon corrosion, cold start, membrane electrode assembly

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Degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under typical automotive operating conditions

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