White Matter Injury in Newborns With Congenital Heart Disease: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Open accessAbstract
Background Brain injury is observed on cranial magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively in up to 50% of newborns with congenital heart disease. Newer imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging provide sensitive measures of the white matter integrity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diffusion tensor imaging analysis technique of tract-based spatial statistics in newborns with congenital heart disease.Methods Term newborns with congenital heart disease who would require surgery at less than 1 month of age were prospectively enrolled (n = 19). Infants underwent preoperative and postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging. Tract-based spatial statistics, an objective whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging analysis technique, was used to determine differences in white matter fractional anisotropy between infant groups. Term control infants were also compared with congenital heart disease infants. Postmenstrual age was equivalent between congenital heart disease infant groups and between congenital heart disease and control infants.Results Ten infants had preoperative brain injury, either infarct or white matter injury, by conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging. The technique of tract-based spatial statistics showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (P < 0.05, corrected) in multiple major white matter tracts in the infants with preoperative brain injury compared with infants without preoperative brain injury. Fractional anisotropy values increased in the white matter tracts from the preoperative to the postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging correlating with brain maturation. Control infants had higher fractional anisotropy in multiple white matter tracts compared with infants with congenital heart disease.Conclusion Tract-based spatial statistics is a valuable diffusion tensor imaging analysis technique that may have better sensitivity in detecting white matter injury compared with conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging in term newborns with congenital heart disease.
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This finding of lower fractional anisotropy in congenital heart disease has been replicated by several other studies over the last decade.
“This finding has been replicated over the last decade by several other studies.[53][54][55]”
From Neuroimaging, cardiovascular physiology, and functional outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease (2017) · cites this paper as [53]
Postnatal white matter fractional anisotropy is lower in infants with congenital heart disease who develop preoperative brain injury, supporting coexistence of white matter dysmaturation and acquired brain injury in early life.
“Postnatal white matter fractional anisotropy is lower in infants with CHD who develop preoperative brain injury, 53 supporting the coexistence of white matter dysmaturation and acquired brain injury in early life.”
From Neuroimaging, cardiovascular physiology, and functional outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease (2017) · cites this paper as [53]
Preoperative brain injury is accompanied by decreased microstructural white matter maturation, and fetal brain abnormalities are associated with increased risk of acquired brain injury after birth.
“Preoperative brain injury is accompanied by decreased microstructural white matter maturation in several studies, 53,55,74 while fetal brain abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of acquired brain injury after birth.85”
From Neuroimaging, cardiovascular physiology, and functional outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease (2017) · cites this paper as [53]
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Intraoperative sodium range affects white matter microstructure in neonatal congenital heart diseasePreprint
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Intraoperative sodium range affects white matter microstructure in neonatal congenital heart disease
van der Meijden, M. E. M., van Loon, K., Nijman, M., Talacua, H., Breur, J. M. P. J., Nijman, J., Claessens, N. H. P., Counsell, S. J., Benders, M. J. N. L., & Bonthrone, A. F. (2026) · International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.1016/j.ijcchd.2026.100666
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Structured neurodevelopmental care in children with congenital heart disease
JAGASIA, S. M., Raj, M., & KUMAR, R. K. (2026) · The National Medical Journal of India · doi:10.25259/nmji_736_2026
Early motor behavior reflects neurologic involvement in infants with congenital heart disease
Peyton, C., Boswell, L., Crean, A., Hahn, E., Hill, J., Mann, I., O'Connor, A., Stein, K., Vogel, C., & de Regnier, R.-A. O. (2026) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106663
- Authors
- Mulkey, S. B., Ou, X., Ramakrishnaiah, R. H., Glasier, C. M., Swearingen, C. J., Melguizo, M. S., Yap, V. L., Schmitz, M. L., & Bhutta, A. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mulkey, Sarah B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatric Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 377-383
- ISSN
- 0887-8994 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4147255
- OpenAlex
- W1995757466
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pediatric Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) (P20 GM103425)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Translational Research Institute (UL1 RR029884)
- Arkansas Children's Hospital (ACH) Research Institute
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Keywords
- congenital heart disease, white matter injury, neonates, fractional anisotropy, tract-based spatial statistics, diffusion tensor imaging, white matter tracts, brain maturation, cardiac surgery
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Injuries, Heart Diseases, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Anisotropy, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, White Matter
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