Improved conditions for production of recombinant plant sesquiterpene synthases in Escherichia coli
Abstract
Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) from Artemisia annua and (+)-germacrene synthase (GDS) from Zingiber officinale were expressed in Escherichia coli under different conditions to optimize the yield of active soluble protein. The cDNAs of these enzymes were inserted into the pET28 vector (Novagen) and expressed in four different bacterial strains; BL21 (DE3), BL21 (DE3) Tuner, BL21 (DE3) pLysS and BL21 (DE3) pLysS Tuner using different inducing agents (IPTG, The Inducer). The effects of induction under osmotic stress in the presence of glycine betaine and sorbitol were investigated. Although background expression for ADS was reduced when using pLysS strains, no significant difference was noted for ADS activity in soluble whole cell lysates after induction with either IPTG or The Inducer. For GDS, on the other hand, the change between BL21 (DE3) cells and BL21 (DE3) Tuner, induced with IPTG, leads to a twofold increase in enzyme activity in the soluble fraction while a reduction in activity is observed when using the pLysS strains. The same doubling of activity is observed for GDS when the commonly used BL.21 (DE3) is induced with The Inducer. Addition of 2.5 mM glycine betaine and 660 mM sorbitol to the bacterial growth media resulted in reduction of growth rate and biomass yield but under these conditions the best overall protein production, for both enzymes, was obtained. Compared to the standard conditions previously used in our laboratory the yield of soluble active protein was increased 7- and 2.5-fold for ADS and GDS, using BL21 (DE3) pLysS Tuner and BL21 (DE3), respectively.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli have been used as hosts when attempting to establish a viable recombinant microbial pathway for artemisinin biosynthesis.
“Both Saccharomyces cerevisiae [379,380] and Escherichia coli [381,382,383] have been used as hosts when attempting to establish a viable recombinant microbial pathway for the biosynthesis of artemisinin.”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [382]
Dodecane has been incorporated into culture medium to provide a separate hydrophobic layer in which volatile amorpha-4,11-diene produced by microbial fermentation can be trapped.
“Previously, dodecane has been incorporated into the culture medium, in order to provide a separate hydrophobic layer in which volatile amorpha-4,11-diene (451) produced by microbial fermentation can be trapped [382, 385].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [382]
Cites
Structural Basis for Cyclic Terpene Biosynthesis by Tobacco 5-Epi-Aristolochene Synthase
Starks, C. M., Back, K., Chappell, J., & Noel, J. P. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5333.1815 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Bolen, D. W., & Baskakov, I. V. (2001) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4819 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Strategies for optimizing heterologous protein expression in Escherichia coli
Hannig, G., & Makrides, S. C. (1998) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(97)01155-4 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Lesburg, C. A., Zhai, G., Cane, D. E., & Christianson, D. W. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5333.1820 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Sesquiterpene Synthases from Grand Fir (Abies grandis)
Steele, C. L., Crock, J. E., Bohlmann, J., & Croteau, R. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.4.2078 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
García‐Fruitós, E., González‐Montalbán, N., Morell, M., Vera, A., Ferraz, R. M., Arı́s, A., Ventura, S., & Villaverde, A. (2005) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/1475-2859-4-27 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Mercke, P., Bengtsson, M., Bouwmeester, H. J., Posthumus, M. A., & Brodelius, P. E. (2000) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.1962 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Self-citationRynkiewicz, M. J., Cane, D. E., & Christianson, D. W. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.231313098 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Schnee, C., Köllner, T. G., Gershenzon, J., & Degenhardt, J. (2002) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.008326 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
A novel strategy for production of a highly expressed recombinant protein in an active form
Blackwell, J. R., & Horgan, R. (1991) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)81372-f · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Chen, X., Chen, Y., Heinstein, P. F., & Davisson, V. J. (1995) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.0038 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Sharon‐Asa, L., Shalit, M., Frydman, A., Bar, E., Holland, D., Or, E., Lavi, U., Lewinsohn, E., & Eyal, Y. (2003) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01910.x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Lücker, J., Bowen, P. A., & Bohlmann, J. (2004) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.017 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Bohlmann, J., Crock, J. E., Jetter, R., & Croteau, R. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6756 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Crock, J. E., Wildung, M. R., & Croteau, R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.12833 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Barth, S., Hühn, M., Matthey, B., Klimka, A., Galinski, E. A., & Engert, A. (2000) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.66.4.1572-1579.2000 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Caruthers, J. M., Kang, I., Rynkiewicz, M. J., Cane, D. E., & Christianson, D. W. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m000433200 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Back, K., & Chappell, J. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.13.7375 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Structural Neurology: Are Seeds at the Root of Neuronal Degeneration?
Lansbury, P. T. (1997) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80406-7 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Pechous, S. W., & Whitaker, B. D. (2004) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1191-4 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Glycine Betaine-assisted Protein Folding in a lysAMutant of Escherichia coli
Bourot, S., Sire, O., Trautwetter, A., Touzé, T., Wu, L. F., Blanco, C., & Bernard, T. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.2.1050 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Characterization of the aggregates formed during recombinant protein expression in bacteria
Schrodel, A., & de Marco, A. (2005) · BMC Biochemistry · doi:10.1186/1471-2091-6-10 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Bertea, C. M., Voster, A., Verstappen, F. W. A., Maffei, M., Beekwilder, J., & Bouwmeester, H. J. (2006) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.02.026 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Picaud, S., Brodelius, M., & Brodelius, P. E. (2005) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.03.027 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Mercke, P., Crock, J., Croteau, R., & Brodelius, P. E. (1999) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1358 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Felitsky, D. J., Cannon, J. G., Capp, M. W., Hong, J., Wynsberghe, A. W. V., Anderson, C. F., & Record, M. T. (2004) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi049115w · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sequence determinants of protein aggregation: tools to increase protein solubility
Ventura, S. (2005) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/1475-2859-4-11 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Isolation and Characterization of Two Germacrene A Synthase cDNA Clones from Chicory
Bouwmeester, H. J., Kodde, J., Verstappen, F. W. A., Altug, I. G., de Kraker, J., & Wallaart, T. E. (2002) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.001024 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Picaud, S., Olofsson, L., Brodelius, M., & Brodelius, P. E. (2005) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.02.012 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Managing and manipulating carbocations in biology: terpenoid cyclase structure and mechanism
Lesburg, C. A., Caruthers, J. M., Paschall, C. M., & Christianson, D. W. (1998) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80088-2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Keeping it in the family: folding studies of related proteins
Gunasekaran, K., Eyles, S. J., Hagler, A. T., & Gierasch, L. M. (2001) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00173-1 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Diamant, S., Rosenthal, D., Azem, A., Eliahu, N., Ben‐Zvi, A., & Goloubinoff, P. (2003) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03553.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Cloning and expression of sesquiterpene synthase genes from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Bennett, M. H. (2002) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00103-6 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Picaud, S., Mercke, P., He, X., Sterner, O., Brodelius, M., Cane, D. E., & Brodelius, P. E. (2006) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.015 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Benedict, C. R., Lu, J., Pettigrew, D. W., Liu, J., Stipanovic, R. D., & Williams, H. J. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.125.4.1754 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Picaud, S., Olsson, M. E., Brodelius, M., & Brodelius, P. E. (2006) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.06.007 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Expression of a Plant Sesquiterpene Cyclase Gene in Escherichia coli
Back, K. W., Yin, S., & Chappell, J. (1994) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1994.1533 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Back, K., He, S., Kim, K. U., & Shin, D. H. (1998) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029452 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Prosser, I. M., Phillips, A. L., Gittings, S., Lewis, M. J., Hooper, A. M., Pickett, J. A., & Beale, M. H. (2002) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00165-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Prosser, I. M., Adams, R. J., Beale, M. H., Hawkins, N. D., Phillips, A. L., Pickett, J. A., & Field, L. M. (2005) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.06.012 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Schenk, D. J., Starks, C. M., Rising, K. A., Chappell, J., Noel, J. P., & Coates, R. M. (2005) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.09.002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Expression and purification of histidine-tagged bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase
Schlicke, M., & Brakmann, S. (2004) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1016/j.pep.2004.10.022 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Haginaka, J., & Matsunaga, H. (1999) · Chirality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(1999)11:5/6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sesquiterpenoids Lactones: Benefits to Plants and People
Chadwick, M., Trewin, H., Gawthrop, F., & Wagstaff, C. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms140612780 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
“The large number of sesquiterpene synthases [19–21] coupled with the fact that a single synthase may produce numerous products and further modifications after sesquiterpene synthesis, such as oxidation and glycosylation take place, [22–24] result in a vast number of varied structures, many similar…”
Sahdev, S., Khattar, S. K., & Saini, K. S. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-007-9603-6 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
“Furthermore, a genetically modified lac permease (lacY) mutation strain has been created, which offers uniform entry of IPTG into all the cells in the population [92], thereby, homogenous and concentration dependent levels of IPTG induction can be tightly regulated.”
BackgroundThe Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao)
Brown, G. D. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15117603 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Khan, S. R., Gaines, J. M., Roop, R. M., & Farrand, S. K. (2008) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01098-08 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
“Bacterial expression vectors have been designed for two main purposes: those with promoters engineered for very strong expression, from bacteriophage SP6 (34) or T7 (39, 51) for example, are useful for overexpressing proteins for subsequent purification, and those with regulatable promoters, Plac (42) for example, are…”
BackgroundArya, A., Chahal, R., Rao, R., Rahman, M. H., Kaushik, D., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, A., Khalifa, S. M. A., El-Seedi, H. R., Kamel, M., et al. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11030350 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhang, C., Zou, R., Zhou, K., Stephanopoulos, G. N., & Too, H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079650 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“coli, most of the enzyme was found in inclusion bodies [27].”
BackgroundHartinger, D., Heinl, S., Schwartz, H., Grabherr, R. M., Schatzmayr, G., Haltrich, D., & Moll, W. (2010) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/1475-2859-9-62 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“coli in the presence of these osmolytes [43,59,60].”
BackgroundEnhanced Recombinant Protein Production Under Special Environmental Stress
Chen, X., Li, C., & Liu, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.630814 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“…tropicalis), have a characteristic pathway with many methanol-oxidizing enzymes demanded to metabolize one-carbon compounds, which endows methylotrophic yeasts with strong and tightly regulated promoters to act as chassis hosts (Cereghino and Cregg, 2000; Cregg et al., 2009; Potvin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundKanagarajan, S., Muthusamy, S., Gliszczyńska, A., Lundgren, A., & Brodelius, P. E. (2012) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-012-1250-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“We have reported improved yields of recombinant soluble active plant sesquiterpene synthases from E. coli by optimization of expression conditions (Picaud et al. 2007).”
BackgroundBiotechnological approaches for artemisinin production in Artemisia
Kayani, W. K., Kiani, B. H., Dilshad, E., & Mirza, B. (2018) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-018-2432-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tani, Y., Miyake, R., Ryoichi, Y., Dekishima, Y., China, H., Saito, S., Kawabata, H., & Mihara, H. (2014) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-014-6308-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Neither the addition of sorbitol and betaine (Sandee et al. 2005; Picaud et al. 2007) to media nor the use of Overnight Express Instant Media (LB and TB, Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) improved the amount of soluble rAIP.”
BackgroundEmerging Anti-Mitotic Activities and Other Bioactivities of Sesquiterpene Compounds upon Human Cells
Bosco, A., & Golsteyn, R. M. (2017) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules22030459 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Görner, C., Häuslein, I., Schrepfer, P., Eisenreich, W., & Brück, T. (2013) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.201300285 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
High-level expression of Falcipain-2 in Escherichia coli by codon optimization and auto-induction.
Sarduy, E. S., Muñoz, A., Trejo, S., & Chavéz Planes María de los, A. (2012) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1016/j.pep.2012.03.008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Artemisinic acid: A promising molecule potentially suitable for the semi-synthesis of artemisinin
Kong, J., Yang, Y., Wang, W., Cheng, K.-D., & Zhu, P. (2013) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c3ra40525g · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Fuciños, P., Atanes, E., López-López, O., Solaroli, M., Cerdán, M. E., González-Siso, M.-I., Pastrana, L. M., & Rúa, M. L. (2014) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Using Folding Promoting Agents in Recombinant Protein Production: A Review
Fahnert, B. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-433-9_1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Muthusamy, S., Vetukuri, R. R., Lundgren, A., Ganji, S., Zhu, L., Brodelius, P. E., & Kanagarajan, S. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8904 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Site-directed mutagenesis of β sesquiphellandrene synthase enhances enzyme promiscuity
Ker, D., Chan, K., Othman, R., Hassan, M., & Ng, C. L. (2020) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112286 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Optimization of amorphadiene production in engineered yeast by response surface methodology
Baadhe, R. R., Mekala, N. K., Parcha, S. R., & Devi, Y. P. (2013) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-013-0156-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…(amorphadiene synthase) showed Model term Coefficient estimates Standard error F value P value Prob [ F Intercept 190.767 2.99967 101.692 \0.0001 optimum activity at varied pH 6.5–7.5 levels in artemisia annua (Bouwmeester et al. 1999; Mercke et al. 2000; Picaud et al. 2005; Picaud et al. 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialBacterial transformation of terpenoids
Grishko, V. V., Nogovitsina, Y. M., & Ившина, И. Б. (2014) · Russian Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1070/rc2014v083n04abeh004396 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Isolation and characterization of germacrene A synthases gene in Citrus unshiu Marc
Shimada, T., Endo, T., Rodríguez, A., Fujii, H., Nakano, M., Sugiyama, A., Shimizu, T., Peña, L., & Omura, M. (2012) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.08.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
David, A. B., Torgeman, A., Barnea, A., & Zichel, R. (2015) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.008 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Explanatory Chapter: Troubleshooting Protein Expression
Duong‐Ly, K. C., & Gabelli, S. B. (2014) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420119-4.00018-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Han, J., Wu, B., & Wang, D. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112946 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bacterial Protein Overexpression Systems and Strategies
Kinsland, C. L. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045382-8.00199-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Iman, R., Anja, A., & Aris, T. W. (2017) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb2017.16200 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Multivalent Display Using Hybrid Virus Nanoparticles
Brown, S. D. (2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_10 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Yuwen, W., & Fan, D. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.176959
- Authors
- Picaud, S., Olsson, M. E., & Brodelius, P. E.
- Corresponding author
- Brodelius, Peter E.
- Venue
- Protein Expression and Purification
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-79
- ISSN
- 1046-5928 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082144474
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Protein Expression and Purification (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Keywords
- sesquiterpene synthase, recombinant protein expression, Escherichia coli expression, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, Artemisia annua, ginger, osmotic stress, betaine, sorbitol, IPTG induction, BL21(DE3) pLysS
- MeSH terms
- Betaine, Enzyme Induction, Escherichia coli, Isopropyl Thiogalactoside, Molecular Biology, Osmotic Pressure, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Sorbitol, Protein Folding, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, Zingiber officinale, Artemisia annua
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review