Cited by 136Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies ResearchSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesImmunotoxicology and immune responses

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Immunotherapy for the treatment of drug abuse

Kosten, Thomas, Owens, S. Michael·2005·Pharmacology & Therapeutics

DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.009

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Abstract

Antibody therapy (as either active or passive immunization) is designed primarily to prevent drugs of abuse from entering the central nervous system (CNS). Antidrug antibodies reduce rush, euphoria, and drug distribution to the brain at doses that exceed the apparent binding capacity of the antibody. This is accomplished through a pharmacokinetic antagonism, which reduces the amount of drug in the brain, the rate of clearance across the blood-brain barrier, and the volume of drug distribution. Because the antibodies remain primarily in the circulatory system, they have no apparent central nervous system side effects. Active immunization with drug-protein conjugate vaccines has been tested for cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and nicotine in animal, with 1 cocaine and 3 nicotine vaccines in Phase 2 human trials. Passive immunization with high affinity monoclonal antibodies has been tested for cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and phencyclidine (PCP) in preclinical animal models. Antibodies have 2 immediate clinical applications in drug abuse treatment: to treat drug overdose and to reduce relapse to drug use in addicted patients. The specificity of the therapies, the lack of addiction liability, minimal side effects, and long-lasting protection against drug use offer major therapeutic benefit over conventional small molecule agonists and antagonists. Immunotherapies can also be combined with other antiaddiction medications and enhance behavioral therapies. Current immunotherapies already show efficacy, but improved antigen design and antibody engineering promise highly specific and rapidly developed treatments for both existing and future addictions.

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Authors: Kosten, T., & Owens, S. M.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Kosten, Thomas
ORCID: Kosten, Thomas
Owens, S. Michael
Venue: Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-10
Volume: 108
Issue: 1
Pages: 76-85
ISSN: 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.009
OpenAlex: W2089434413
Cited by: 135
References: 63
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 1.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (K05DA000454, U19DA010946, P50DA012762, P50DA018197, R01DA015477, R01DA011560, R01DA007610, P01DA014361)
NIH Clinical Center
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Keywords: antibody therapy, addiction treatment, active immunization, passive immunization, monoclonal antibodies, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, nicotine, phencyclidine, blood-brain barrier, drug overdose treatment, relapse prevention, addiction liability, antibody engineering, antigen design
MeSH terms: Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Immunotherapy, Vaccines, Substance-Related Disorders

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Immunotherapy for the treatment of drug abuse

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