Taste mixture interactions: Suppression, additivity, and the predominance of sweetness
Open accessAbstract
Most of what is known about taste interactions has come from studies of binary mixtures. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether asymmetries in suppression between stimuli in binary mixtures predict the perception of tastes in more complex mixtures (e.g., ternary and quaternary mixtures). Also of interest was the longstanding question of whether overall taste intensity derives from the sum of the tastes perceived within a mixture (perceptual additivity) or from the sum of the perceived intensities of the individual stimuli (stimulus additivity). Using the general labeled magnitude scale together with a sip-and-spit procedure, we asked subjects to rate overall taste intensity and the sweetness, sourness, saltiness and bitterness of approximately equi-intense sucrose, NaCl, citric acid and QSO(4) stimuli presented alone and in all possible binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures. The results showed a consistent pattern of mixture suppression in which sucrose sweetness tended to be both the least suppressed quality and the strongest suppressor of other tastes. The overall intensity of mixtures was found to be predicted best by perceptual additivity. A second experiment that was designed to rule out potentially confounding effects of the order of taste ratings and the temperature of taste solutions replicated the main findings of the first experiment. Overall, the results imply that mixture suppression favors perception of sweet carbohydrates in foods at the expense of other potentially harmful ingredients, such as high levels of sodium (saltiness) and potential poisons or spoilage (bitterness and sourness).
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The overall taste intensity is derived from the sum of the tastes perceived within a mixture, rather than the sum of the perceived intensities of the individual stimuli (stimulus additivity).
“In other words, the overall taste intensity was derived from the sum of the tastes perceived within a mixture, rather than the sum of the perceived intensities of the individual stimuli (stimulus additivity).”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [120]
The overall intensity of mixtures is predicted best by perceptual additivity.
“Further, they concluded that, the overall intensity of mixtures was found to be predicted best by perceptual additivity.”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [120]
Sucrose sweetness was both the least suppressed quality and the strongest suppressor of other tastes (sourness, saltiness, and bitterness) in ternary and quaternary mixtures.
“The authors found a consistent pattern of mixture suppression in which sucrose sweetness was both the least suppressed quality as well as the strongest suppressor of other tastes (sourness, saltiness, and bitterness).”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [120]
Sourness in other studies has been shown to be easily suppressed.
“sourness in other studies has been shown to be easily suppressed46”
From Brew temperature, at fixed brew strength and extraction, has little impact on the sensory profile of drip brew coffee (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Green, B. G., Lim, J., Osterhoff, F., Blacher, K., & Nachtigal, D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- John B. Pierce Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Green, Barry G.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 731-737
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2975745
- OpenAlex
- W2006659948
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC005002)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- taste suppression, sweetness, sour taste, salty taste, bitterness, sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, ternary and quaternary mixtures, taste intensity, food safety
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Male, Sodium Chloride, Sucrose, Taste, Taste Threshold, Citric Acid, Taste Perception
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