The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Localization of enzymes of artemisinin biosynthesis to the apical cells of glandular secretory trichomes of Artemisia annua L.
Abstract
A method based on the laser microdissection pressure catapulting technique has been developed for isolation of whole intact cells. Using a modified tissue preparation method, one outer pair of apical cells and two pairs of sub-apical, chloroplast-containing cells, were isolated from glandular secretory trichomes of Artemisia annua. A. annua is the source of the widely used antimalarial drug artemisinin. The biosynthesis of artemisinin has been proposed to be located to the glandular trichomes. The first committed steps in the conversion of FPP to artemisinin are conducted by amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, amorpha-4,11-diene hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) and artemisinic aldehyde Delta11(13) reductase. The expression of the three biosynthetic enzymes in the different cell types has been studied. In addition, the expression of farnesyldiphosphate synthase producing the precursor of artemisinin has been investigated. Our experiments showed expression of farnesyldiphosphate synthase in apical and sub-apical cells as well as in mesophyl cells while the three enzymes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis were expressed only in the apical cells. Elongation factor 1alpha was used as control and it was expressed in all cell types. We conclude that artemisinin biosynthesis is taking place in the two outer apical cells while the two pairs of chloroplast-containing cells have other functions in the overall metabolism of glandular trichomes.
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In the citing paper
“and the associated genes have been shown to be highly expressed in both the apical and sub-apical cells of the glandular secretory trichomes (3, 16)”
From Artemisia annua mutant impaired in artemisinin synthesis demonstrates importance of nonenzymatic conversion in terpenoid metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“The biosynthesis of artemisinin mainly occurs inside the 10-celled structures called glandular trichomes, present in the aerial parts of the plant.”
From Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches (2021) · cites this paper as Olsson et al. 2009
In the citing paper
“Artemisia ketone (276) is formed by a non-standard “head-to-middle” condensation of DMAPP [104,122,123,124,125,126], which is thought to proceed as shown in Scheme 2 via chrysanthemyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate containing a three-membered ring.”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [104]
In the citing paper
“indeed, it has recently been concluded that artemisinin biosynthesis occurs in the two outer apical cells of the glandular secretory trichomes [104]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [104]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Olsson, M. E., Olofsson, L. M., Lindahl, A.-L., Lundgren, A., Brodelius, M., & Brodelius, P. E.
- Corresponding author
- Brodelius, Maria
- Brodelius, Peter E.
- Venue
- Phytochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1123-1128
- ISSN
- 0031-9422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1967648518
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Keywords
- artemisinin biosynthesis, Artemisia annua, apical cells, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, CYP71AV1, enzyme localization, laser microdissection, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Chloroplasts, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Oxidoreductases, Plant Proteins, Plant Leaves, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, Artemisia annua, Artemisinins
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