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Cited by 35Sports injuries and preventionTravel-related health issuesCardiovascular Effects of Exercise

Clinical Characteristics of 385 Illnesses of Athletes With Impairment Reported on the WEB‐IISS System During the London 2012 Paralympic Games

Derman, Wayne, Schwellnus, Martin, Jordaan, Esme·2014·PM&R
DOI 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.05.016
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Abstract

Background: Prevention of illness is important for a team physician. However, there are few studies that reported clinical aspects of illness of athletes with impairment. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of the 385 illnesses reported on the a novel Web‐based electronic injury and illness capturing system (WEB‐IISS) during the London 2012 Paralympic Games. Design: Part of a large prospective cohort study. Setting: London 2012 Paralympic Games. Participants: Team physicians of 78 delegations (3329 athletes over 14 days) used WEB‐IISS. Each day, information was recorded, which included daily team size and illness details, system affected, final diagnosis, type and onset of symptoms, training and/or competition days lost, and suspected cause. Main Outcome Measurement: Incidence of illness (illness per 1000 athlete days). Results: The incidence of illness in the cohort was 8.3 per 1000 (95% confidence interval, 7.5‐9.1) athlete days, and the percentage of athletes with an illness in this study was 9.2%. Respiratory system illnesses were the most common (39.4%), followed by the digestive system (15.8%), skin and subcutaneous system (11.8%), genitourinary system (8.8%), and nervous system (7.3%). Urinary tract illness was more common in athletes with spinal cord injury (22%) compared with the athletes with other impairments (0%‐5%). Skin and subcutaneous illness varied from 0%‐18% between impairment categories and was highest for athletes with spinal cord injury. Infections accounted for 40.8% of all illness and 19.5% of illness that resulted in a time loss of ≥1 day. In 34% of illnesses, symptoms were present for ≥1 day before being reported to the team physician. Conclusion: The majority of illnesses affected the respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and subcutaneous, and genitourinary systems, and were mostly infective in nature. The highest number of all illnesses, including skin and subcutaneous illnesses, and urinary tract illnesses, were of athletes with spinal cord injury. Although most illnesses were not time‐loss illnesses, 19.5% of illnesses resulted in ≥1 day lost. Team physicians should be aware that, in many cases of infection reported, the symptoms were already present the day before. A delay in reporting of symptoms >24 hours could have important clinical implications for athletes' medical care.

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  • Long-duration one-off bouts of exercise and weeks or months of very high-intensity long-duration athletic training are associated with an increased risk of certain infections, suggesting compromised immunity.

    “Conversely, some evidence shows that long-duration one-off bouts of exercise (e.g., marathon running, especially if this is unaccustomed) and weeks or months of very high-intensity long-duration athletic training, sometimes referred to as “overreaching” or “over-training”, are associated with an increased risk of certain infections, suggesting compromised immunity (Bonini et al. 2015; Derman et al”

    From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Derman et al. 2014

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Authors
Derman, W., Schwellnus, M., & Jordaan, E.
Affiliations
International Olympic Committee (CH)
Corresponding author
Derman, Wayne
ORCID
Venue
PM&R
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-08
Volume
6
Issue
8S
Pages
S23-30
ISSN
  • 1934-1482 (ISSN-L)
  • 1934-1563
DOI
10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.05.016
OpenAlex
W1980475428
Cited by
35
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
FWCI
3.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 15 d)
Locations
  • PM&R (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Travel-related health issues
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Keywords
disease incidence, Paralympic Games, spinal cord injury, team physician, disease surveillance, infection, respiratory diseases, urinary tract infection, time loss, London 2012 Paralympic Games, sports medicine, athlete health monitoring
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Disabled Persons, Health Status, Humans, London, Male, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Athletes, Sports for Persons with Disabilities

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