The state of brain activity modulates cerebrospinal fluid transport
Abstract
Earlier studies based on 2-photon imaging have shown that glymphatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport is regulated by the sleep-wake cycle. To examine this association, we used 3DISCO whole-body tissue clearing to map CSF tracer distribution in awake, sleeping and ketamine-xylazine anesthetized mice. The results of our analysis showed that CSF tracers entered the brain to a significantly larger extent in natural sleep or ketamine-xylazine anesthesia than in wakefulness. Furthermore, awake mice showed preferential transport of CSF tracers in the rostro-caudal direction towards the cervical and spinal cord lymphatic vessels, and hence to venous circulation and excretion by the kidneys. The study extends the current literature by showing that CSF dynamics on the whole-body scale is controlled by the state of brain activity.
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Glymphatic fluid transport is enhanced during sleep.
“Glymphatic fluid transport is enhanced during sleep14–19.”
From Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
The results provide further support to prior studies that identified sleep as a key driver of glymphatic flow in the rodent and human brain.
“The results presented here provide further support to prior studies that identified sleep as a key driver of glymphatic flow in the rodent and human brain14,16,19,63.”
From Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
Cites
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Self-citationSleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain
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Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep
Hauglund, N. L., Andersen, M., Tokarska, K., Radovanovic, T., Kjaerby, C., Sørensen, F. L., Bojarowska, Z., Untiet, V., Ballestero, S. B., Kolmos, M. G., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.11.027 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Miyakoshi, L. M., Stæger, F. F., Li, Q., Pan, C., Xie, L., Kang, H., Pavan, C., Dang, J., Sun, Q., Ertürk, A., & Nedergaard, M.
- ORCID
- Nedergaard, Maiken
- Venue
- Progress in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-10
- Volume
- 229
- Pages
- 102512
- ISSN
- 0301-0082
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 11
- Language
- en
- Licence
- Funders
- EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- Human Frontier Science Program (RGP0036)
- National Institutes of Health (R01AT011439, U19NS128613)
- Lundbeck Foundation (R386-2021-165)
- Army Research Office (MURI W911NF1910280)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF20OC0066419)
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
- Simons Foundation (811237)
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