Decreased GABA levels in anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex in panic disorder
Open accessAbstract
Changes of various brain metabolites including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), have been reported in panic disorder (PD). Deficits in GABA have been implicated in the pathophysiology of PD. Furthermore, it has been suggested that cortical metabolite changes in PD are familial. Eleven PD patients, including five with and six without a PD family history, and eight age- and gender-matched healthy controls without a family history of psychopathology were recruited. Each subject underwent MRS exams and behavioral assessments (resting visual analog anxiety level and the Panic Disorder Severity Scale). GABA was detected with a MEGA-PRESS J-editing sequence and fitted to minimize macromolecule contaminations. A significant decrease in GABA, expressed as the ratio of GABA over total creatine (GABA/tCr), was detected in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)/medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in PD patients (p<0.05), which tends to be pronounced in patients with a PD family history. No other patient/control differences in metabolites were noted in the ACC/mPFC or occipital cortex (OCC). Overall, our results indicate that deficits in GABA levels in PD patients vary by brain regions and possibly by family history status.
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Reduced GABA concentrations have been reported within the insula of individuals with PTSD and within the mPFC, ACC, and occipital cortex of those with PD.
“Specifically, reduced GABA concentrations have been reported within the insula of individuals with PTSD (Rosso et al, 2014) and within the mPFC, ACC, and occipital cortex of those with PD (Goddard et al, 2001;Long et al, 2013)”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Long et al, 2013
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Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond
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- Authors
- Long, Z., Medlock, C., Dzemidzic, M., Shin, Y.-W., Goddard, A. W., & Dydak, U.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- University of Ulsan (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Dydak, Ulrike
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 44
- Pages
- 131-135
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3758115
- OpenAlex
- W1986189394
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 14.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources (RR 02576)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- panic disorder, GABA, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, brain metabolites, family history (medicine), anxiety, 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Case-Control Studies, Panic Disorder, Prefrontal Cortex
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