Formulating PBS/PLA/PBAT blends for biodegradable, compostable packaging: The crucial roles of PBS content and reactive extrusion

Chuakhao, Sarocha; Rodríguez, Juan Torres; Lapnonkawow, Somjit; Kannan, Gokul; Müller, Alejandro J.; Suttiruengwong, Supakij

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108383

Cited by 77biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesPolymer crystallization and propertiesNatural Fiber Reinforced Composites

Formulating PBS/PLA/PBAT blends for biodegradable, compostable packaging: The crucial roles of PBS content and reactive extrusion

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Chuakhao, Sarocha, Rodríguez, Juan Torres, Lapnonkawow, Somjit, Kannan, Gokul, Müller, Alejandro J., Suttiruengwong, Supakij·2024·Polymer Testing

DOI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108383

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Abstract

The use of biodegradable polymers such as Poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is constantly increasing to try to substitute non-biodegradable plastics. Blending is a viable option to improve the morphology and the mechanical and heat resistance properties of biodegradable polymers. Thus, in this work, a biodegradable and compostable PLA/PBAT blend was improved by adding PBS, leading to non-reactive, melt-mixed PLA/PBAT/PBS ternary blends. The PLA/PBAT ratio was fixed at 1:1, while the PBS varied from 0-40 wt%. Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM) imaging showed that micro-spherulitic PBS was localized at the interface between PLA and PBAT in the blend, acting as a compatibilizer, reducing the interfacial tension and refining the ternary blend's morphology. Consequently, the mechanical properties improved, such as the elongation at break, which increased from 70 to 300 %. However, these tertiary non-reactive blends were found to lack adequate rheological properties to be processed by blown film extrusion. Therefore, reactive blending was performed by adding peroxide and carbodiimide, leading to a finer morphology and improved rheological properties. Thus, these reactive blends were successfully processed by blown film extrusion. Two types of blown films were produced, Tubular and Champagne films (DDR/BUR ratio of 37.6 and 5.2, respectively). Both types of blown films exhibited adequate ductile mechanical properties for film packaging applications, as well as high seal strength and good thermal resistance. In addition, their specific mechanical properties were a function of blend composition and the degree of biaxial orientation produced during the extrusion-blowing process.

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Authors: Chuakhao, S., Rodríguez, J. T., Lapnonkawow, S., Kannan, G., Müller, A. J., & Suttiruengwong, S.
Affiliations: Silpakorn University (TH)
University of the Basque Country (ES)
Ikerbasque (ES)
Chulalongkorn University (TH)
Corresponding author: Müller, Alejandro J.
Suttiruengwong, Supakij
ORCID: Kannan, Gokul
Müller, Alejandro J.
Suttiruengwong, Supakij
Venue: Polymer Testing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2024-03
Volume: 132
Pages: 108383
ISSN: 0142-9418 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108383
OpenAlex: W4392133663
Cited by: 73
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 12
FWCI: 6.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Polymer Testing (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: Government of the Basque Country
National Research Council of Thailand
Silpakorn University
Silpakorn University Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Keywords: poly(butylene succinate), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), polylactic acid, ternary polymer blends, reactive extrusion, blown film, compostable packaging, blend morphology, compatibilization, biaxial orientation, seal strength, thermal resistance, mechanical properties

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Formulating PBS/PLA/PBAT blends for biodegradable, compostable packaging: The crucial roles of PBS content and reactive extrusion

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