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Cited by 10Antibiotic Use and ResistanceVeterinary Practice and Education StudiesVeterinary medicine and infectious diseases

Antimicrobial usage in farm animal practices in the UK: A mixed-methods approach

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Elkholly, D., Fraser, A., Booth, R., O’Neill, D., Mateus, A., Brunton, L., Brodbelt, D.·2023·Preventive Veterinary Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105870
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing One Health problem. Monitoring antimicrobial usage in farm animals is crucial for tackling AMR. A cohort study using the electronic clinical records during 2019 from 23 farm animal veterinary practices across the UK belonging to two corporate groups, with a range of 2-14 veterinarians per practice, estimated the usage of antimicrobials and highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs). Risk factors for using HP-CIAs were evaluated using hierarchical mixed-effects logistic regression modelling with practice ID and farm ID added as random effects. Using a qualitative approach, veterinarians from one of the participating practice groups were recruited for a qualitative study to explore the barriers and facilitators in relation to antimicrobial use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants and analysed thematically. During the year 2019, 98,824 antimicrobial prescribing events overall were recorded from the treatment records of the 23 participating practices. The median count of antimicrobial events per practice was 3226 (range 263-22,159). There were 17,111/98,824 (17.3%) HP-CIAs events overall, with a median of 15.4% at practice level (range 4.8-22.1%). Penicillins were the most frequently used antimicrobials 29,539/98,824 (29.9%) followed by tetracyclines 19,015/98,824 (19.2%). HP-CIA use was strongly clustered, with more clustering seen at the farm level (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=…

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  • Veterinary prescribing behaviour across the UK is shaped by a combination of clinical factors, practical considerations, and external commercial pressures.

    “Complementary insights into veterinary prescribing behaviour across the UK indicate that decisions are shaped by a combination of clinical factors (e.g., pyrexia), practical considerations (e.g., ease of administration and withdrawal periods), and external commercial pressures (e.g., supermarket contracts and assurance schemes) (30).”

    From Understanding antibiotic decision-making for bovine respiratory disease: a survey of UK farm veterinarians (2026) · cites this paper as [30]

  • Veterinarians across the UK typically must pay close attention to withdrawal periods when treating adult cattle.

    “While veterinarians across the UK typically must pay close attention to withdrawal periods when treating adult cattle (30)”

    From Understanding antibiotic decision-making for bovine respiratory disease: a survey of UK farm veterinarians (2026) · cites this paper as [30]

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Authors
Elkholly, D., Fraser, A., Booth, R., O’Neill, D., Mateus, A., Brunton, L., & Brodbelt, D.
Affiliations
  • University of London (GB)
  • King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Elkholly, D.
ORCID
Venue
Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-04
Volume
213
Pages
105870
ISSN
0167-5877 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105870
OpenAlex
W4319875561
Cited by
10
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Preventive Veterinary Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Antibiotic Research UK
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Veterinary Practice and Education Studies
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
Keywords
antimicrobial resistance, veterinary prescribing, antimicrobial stewardship, farm assurance schemes, withdrawal time, penicillin, tetracycline, One Health, electronic health records
MeSH terms
Animals, Animals, Domestic, Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Bacterial Agents, United Kingdom, Cohort Studies, Veterinarians

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