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Prefrontal grey and white matter neurometabolite changes after atomoxetine and methylphenidate in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral childhood disorder. Dysfunction of prefrontal neural circuits which are responsible for executive and attentional functions has been previously shown in ADHD. We investigated the neurometablite changes in areas included in dorsolateral prefrontal neural circuits after 2 months of long-acting methylphenidate or atomoxetine medication in children with ADHD who were responders to treatment. Twenty-one ADHD children were examined by single voxel (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after 2 months of medication with OROS methylphenidate (n=10) or atomoxetine (n=11). The spectra were taken from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, 8ml) and white matter behind the DLPFC (anterior semioval center, 7.5ml), bilaterally. NAA and NAA/Cr (N-acetylaspartate/creatine) decreased in the left DLPFC and Cho/Cr (choline/creatine) increased in the right DLPFC after atomoxetine medication. Glu+Gln and Glu+Gln/Cr (glutamate/glutamine) increased in the left white matter after methylphenidate medication. We hypothesize that atomoxetine could decrease hyperactivation of DLPFC neurons and methylphenidate could lead to increased activation of cortical glutamatergic projections with the consequences of increased tonic dopamine release in the mesocortical system.
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“Differential effects of stimulants on glutamate levels have been attributed to differences in medication formulation, treatment duration, or a combination of both (Husarova et al, 2014b).”
From Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties (2017) · cites this paper as Husarova et al, 2014b
In the citing paper
“Results of the few studies that have examined the effect of stimulants on left PFC glutamate levels are inconsistent and have shown that stimulants either decrease (Wiguna et al, 2012) or have no effect (Carrey et al, 2002; Husarova et al, 2014b) on glutamate concentrations.”
From Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties (2017) · cites this paper as Husarova et al, 2014b
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The attention system of the human brain
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“The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays an important role in sustaining attention, working memory, planning and organization of tasks (Posner and Petersen, 1990).”
BackgroundNeuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes
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“Neurophysiological and imaging studies have shown that the abnormalities in frontal neural circuits that are responsible for executive and attentional functions are implicated in the disorder (Sagvolden and Sergeant, 1998; Rubia et al., 2001; Castellanos and Tannock, 2002; Max et al., 2005; Oades et al., 2005).”
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The Dopamine Transporter and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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“Each item is scored on a 4-point scale (0 – never or rarely; 1 – sometimes; 2 – often; 3 – very often) (DuPaul et al., 1998; Chang et al., 2009).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Husarova, V., Bittsansky, M., Ondrejka, I., & Dobrota, D.
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 222
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 75-83
- ISSN
- 0925-4927
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 10
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Ministry of Education (2007/57-UK-17, 26220120053)
- Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave (APVV-0254-11, UK/251/2012)
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