Perceived criticism in schizophrenia: A comparison of instruments for the assessment of the patient's perspective and its relation to relatives' expressed emotion
Abstract
The expression and perception of expressed emotion (EE) in schizophrenic patients and their relatives are likely to differ. The presented exploratory study compares the two views. EE in relatives of 25 chronic schizophrenic patients was assessed using an extended version of the Five-Minute Speech Sample (FMSS). Patients rated their relatives with the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS), the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FEICS), and a German questionnaire on family atmosphere (FEF). Forty-eight percent of relatives were rated high in EE, due to criticism in all cases but one. Patients' assessments of the whole family on the FEICS and FEF criticism subscales were related to their relatives' EE status. Correlations between the self-rating instruments were moderate to good. As the patients' and the relatives' views corresponded with regard to the criticism domain, the application of a self-rating instrument may be a simple and useful tool for clinical and research purposes.
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“It goes beyond the issue of ‘perceived’ EE that has been discussed in some of the literature (see Bachmann et al. 2006).”
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“Likewise, a number of studies show the utility of using either Critical Comments or Perceived Criticism as an important variable determining functioning across numerous ethnic groups and diagnostic categories including schizophrenia ( Bachmann et al. 2006; Fogler et al. 2007; Kwon et al. 2006; Renshaw and Chambless 20…”
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“…for their helpful comments on different stages of this project critical caregivers were included (Tompson et al., 1995; Scazufca et al., 2001; Cutting et al., 2006; Bachmann et al., 2006), or among ethnic majority group members compared to minorities (Tompson et al., 1995; Weisman et al., 2006).”
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“People with schizophrenia may have increased sensitivity to NEE than normal (Bachmann et al. 2006).”
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“The relationship between PACI score and Expressed Emotion is not well known (Nugter et al., 1997; Bachmann et al., 2006).”
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Kronmüller, K., Backenstraß, M., Victor, D., Postelnicu, I., Schenkenbach, C., Joest, K., Fiedler, P. A., & Mundt, C. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.009 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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“Consistent with previous research, no correlation was found between high criticism and perceived criticism (Bachmann et al., 2006; Medina-Pradas et al., 2013).”
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“As expressed emotion is a powerful predictor of relapses in depressive disorders [16], and the intervention is likely to modify the level of expressed emotion, perceived expressed emotion (measured by the FEF [50, 51]; time points T0, T2, T4) as well as perceived criticism (measured by the PCS [51, 52]; time points T0…”
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“Apart from these limitations, administration of the CFI requires the cooperation of the patient's spouse or relative but they may not always be available or willing to participate (Bachmann et al., 2006).”
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- Authors
- Bachmann, S., Bottmer, C., Jacob, S., & Schröder, J.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schröder, Johannes
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 167-175
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081013901
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, perceived criticism, expressed emotion, relatives of schizophrenic patients, patient perspectives, Five Minute Speech Sample, family climate, chronic schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mothers, Nonverbal Communication, Personality Assessment, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Reinforcement, Psychology, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Social Perception, Statistics as Topic, Caregivers, Expressed Emotion
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