Miscarriage and mental health: results of two population-based studies
Abstract
A miscarriage may have a sustained negative effect on mental health. Our aim was to analyze the association of the history and, if any, the number of miscarriages with mental health. The participants were women from two population-based studies, the Finnish Health 2000 survey and the National FINRISK 2002 Survey. Data were collected with a set of self-reported questionnaires, a clinical health examination and/or a home interview. A modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) and other non-structured interviews were used for the assessment of mental health. A diagnosis of depressive disorder and the presence of depressive symptoms were more prevalent among women with a history of miscarriage. In both datasets the higher the number of miscarriages was, the worse the current state of mood was and the higher the frequency of a psychiatric diagnosis was. These results suggest that a miscarriage, and in particular the number of miscarriages, contributes to mental health in a negative way for long.
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Exclusion of Toffol et al. (2013) slightly increased the categorical depression effect size (RR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.86-2.87, Z = 7.61, p < .001, k = 20).
“Exclusion of this study slightly increased the effect size (RR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.86-2.87, Z = 7.61, p < .001, k = 20).”
From The mental health impact of perinatal loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Toffol et al., 2013
Exclusion of Toffol et al. (2013) slightly increased the categorical anxiety summary effect estimate (RR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.37-2.67, Z = 3.79, p < .001, k = 8).
“Exclusion of this study slightly increased the summary effect estimate (RR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.37-2.67, Z = 3.79, p < .001, k = 8).”
From The mental health impact of perinatal loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Toffol et al., 2013
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Complicated grief after perinatal loss
Kersting, A., & Wagner, B. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/akersting · Cited by 419 · cited 5× · see citing works
“However, it is well known that many individual and external factors may contribute to determine the quality and the duration of reaction to a miscarriage (Kersting and Wagner, 2012): social and marital support, previous depressive episodes (Beutel et al.”
InfluentialGrief Following Miscarriage: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
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“…the quality and the duration of reaction to a miscarriage (Kersting and Wagner, 2012): social and marital support, previous depressive episodes (Beutel et al., 1995, 1996), personality traits (e.g. neuroticism) (Friedman and Gath, 1989), having other children rather than being childless, and a…”
InfluentialThe daily life of complicated grief patients—What gets missed, what gets added?
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The mental health impact of perinatal loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Herbert, D., Young, K., Pietrusińska, M., & MacBeth, A. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.026 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Toffol, E., Koponen, P., & Partonen, T.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Toffol, Elena
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 205
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 151-158
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971305508
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Kansainvälisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteistyön Keskus
- Helsingin Yliopisto
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- miscarriage, mental health, depressive symptoms, depressive disorders, women's mental health, mood, psychiatric diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Abortion, Habitual, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Finland, Health Surveys, Humans, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Self Report
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