The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Combined PTSD and depressive symptoms interact with post-deployment social support to predict suicidal ideation in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans
Open accessAbstract
Rates of suicide are alarmingly high in military and veteran samples. Suicide rates are particularly elevated among those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, which share overlapping symptoms and frequently co-occur. Identifying and confirming factors that reduce, suicide risk among veterans with PTSD and depression is imperative. The proposed study evaluated, whether post-deployment social support moderated the influence of PTSD-depression symptoms on, suicidal ideation among Veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan using state of the art clinical, diagnostic interviews and self-report measures. Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans (n=145) were invited to, participate in a study evaluating returning Veterans׳ experiences. As predicted, PTSD-depression, symptoms had almost no effect on suicidal ideation (SI) when post-deployment social support was high; however, when, post-deployment social support was low, PTSD-depression symptoms were positively associated with, SI. Thus, social support may be an important factor for clinicians to assess in the context of PTSD and, depressive symptoms. Future research is needed to prospectively examine the inter-relationship, between PTSD/depression and social support on suicidal risk, as well as whether interventions to, improve social support result in decreased suicidality.
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“Low social support is a key factor related to serious negative health outcomes, including poor physical and mental health, increased mortality risk, and suicidal ideation and behavior [1,2,3,4].”
From A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Low social support is a key factor related to serious negative health outcomes, including poor physical and mental health, increased mortality risk, and suicidal ideation and behavior [1,2,3,4].”
From A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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In the citing paper
“Low social support is a key factor related to serious negative health outcomes, including poor physical and mental health, increased mortality risk, and suicidal ideation and behavior [1,2,3,4].”
From A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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“a population at high risk of mortality and other negative outcomes [1,2,3,4].”
From A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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Citations
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Cited by
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Anger and Aggression in Family Dynamics
Acer, S. C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98711-4_6-1
Anger and Aggression in Family Dynamics
Acer, S. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31547-3_6
Instagram Content Analysis in the Context of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
Unruh-Dawes, E. L., Wagler, K., & Wells, T. T. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231221268
Grau, P. P., Boyd, M. R., Tu, J. W., Paulson, J. L., Porter, K. E., & Sexton, M. B. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241285924 · Cited by 1
Suicide: Posttraumatic Growth-Based Perspectives
Greene, T. C., Blevins, C. L., & Moore, B. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-1403-5_3
Suicidality in Emergency Professionals: A Systematic Review
Chambel, M. J., Carmona, L., Carvalho, V. S., & Gascón, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-1403-5_14
The Association Between Suicide and OIF/OEF Deployment History. Addendum
Reger, M., Gahm, G. A., Skopp, N. A., Smolenski, D. J., Bush, N. E., Kang, H. K., & Bullman, T. A. (2015) · doi:10.21236/ada613802
Efinger, L., Lozada, S., Daau, S., Leon, I. D., Bolen, E., Blessing, A., DeBeer, B. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2026) · Journal of College Student Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28367138.2026.2637868
Cognitive Training and Integrated Primary Prevention
Lundie, M., Young, L. R., Hack, D. C., Zientz, J., & Vleet, T. V. (2025) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usaf628
Kimbrel, N. A., Dennis, P. A., Patel, T. A., Halverson, T. F., Dillon, K. H., Stephenson, M. E., Bourassa, K. J., Patel, P. R., Qin, X. J., Barr, P. B., et al. (2026) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2026.2683477
Hamilton, G. J., Rivera, V. M., Bay, J. L., Fredericks, M. T., & Clark, J. B. (2026) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usag404
Malhotra, B., Klyce, D. W., Juengst, S. B., Talley, K. G., Finn, J. A., & Perrin, P. B. (2026) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.70217
Metadata
- Authors
- DeBeer, B. B., Kimbrel, N. A., Meyer, E. C., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M Health Science Center (US)
- Durham VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeBeer, Bryann B.
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 216
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 357-362
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5032640
- OpenAlex
- W1994098139
- Semantic Scholar
- cbefa94e982b618a2eee6ace21ef34ff34ee1e17
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 13.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans (I01RX000304)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Military Integration
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, moderation, Operation Enduring Freedom, Iraq War, veterans, suicide risk, Iraq and Afghanistan veterans
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Afghanistan, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Iraq, Male, Military Personnel, Regression Analysis, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Afghan Campaign 2001-, Self Report, Suicidal Ideation
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