Prolonged grief disorder following the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China

Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 · Cited by 5,843

Predictors of complicated grief: a systematic review of empirical studies

Lobb, E. A., Kristjanson, L. J., Aoun, S. M., Monterosso, L., Halkett, G. K. B., & Davies, A. (2010) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2010.496686 · Cited by 611 · cited 1×

Psychological interventions for grief in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Johannsen, M., Damholdt, M. F., Zachariae, R., Lundorff, M., Farver-Vestergaard, I., & O'Connor, M. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.065 · Cited by 214 · cited 1×

Grief Rituals: Aspects That Facilitate Adjustment to Bereavement

Castle, J., & Phillips, W. L. (2003) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020305876 · Cited by 175 · cited 1×

Complicated grief and post-traumatic stress symptom profiles in bereaved earthquake survivors: a latent class analysis

Eisma, M. C., Lenferink, L. I. M., Chow, A. Y. M., Chan, C. L. W., & Li, J. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1558707 · Cited by 88

Comparison of six proposed diagnostic criteria sets for disturbed grief

Boelen, P. A., & Lenferink, L. I. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112786 · Cited by 83

Impact of COVID-19 on Societal Behavior via Twitter Analytics

Bhaik, A., Gupta, P. K., Siddiqui, M. K., & Morales-Menéndez, R. (2022) · Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento ( RACC ) · doi:10.32348/1852.4206.v14.n2.30816 · Cited by 1

Grief: Challenges to Death, Dying, Disposal and Grief in Corona Times

Jacobsen, M. H. (2023) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80382-323-220231002 · Cited by 2

Pandemic Grief and Complications in Bereavement: From Research Evidence to Clinical Relevance

Neimeyer, R. A., Breen, L. J., & Lee, S. A. (2023) · Etudes sur la mort/Études sur la mort · doi:10.3917/eslm.159.0015 · Cited by 1

The Smoldering Pandemic: Self-Reported Prevalence Assessment of Prolonged Grief Disorder. A cross sectional study of bereaving adults during the Covid Pandemic in PakistanPreprint

Siddiqua, A., Ahmad, S., Nawaz, I., Zeeshan, M., & Rao, A. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.01.10.23284300 · Cited by 1

Urgent Attention Needed for Mental Health Challenges Arising from Prolonged Grief During and in the Aftermath of COVID-19

Aguiar, A., Pinto, M. S. D. S., & Duarte, R. (2024) · Acta Médica Portuguesa · doi:10.20344/amp.20993 · Cited by 1

Digital Detection of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in Vietnamese Bereaved: Protocol for an Experience Sampling StudyPreprint

Le, H. H., Nguyen, H., Du, N., Pham, C., Le, T. Q. H., Dang, H., & Killikelly, C. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.25338429 · Cited by 1

Loss and Grief Following COVID‑19: Another Pandemic?

Miranda, J., Figueiredo, I., & Silva, L. S. (2021) · Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental · doi:10.51338/rppsm.2021.v.i1.190

LESÕES RENAIS EM PACIENTES COM COVID-19

da Silva, R. R. G., Araújo, V. D. S., Ferreira, B. A., Rocha, M. L., Serafim, S. C., Santana, T. B., Lucas, L. F., Rufino, C. L. L., Dantas, M. N. L., dos Santos, P. R. S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1762128046

EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM FRENTE À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 E O IMPACTO PSICOLÓGICO: UM ARTIGO DE REFLEXÃO

Leão, N. M., Cosenza, T. R. D. S. B., Pereira, E. R., Silva, R. M. C. R. A., & Fabri, J. M. G. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1762128042

A SAÚDE MENTAL DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM NO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO EM MEIO A PANDEMIA PELO COVID-19

Homem, D. S., Leandro, A. M., da Silva, A. A., Melo, B. D. C., & Rauber, S. B. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1762128041

ANÁLISE DA APLICAÇÃO DAS PREMISSAS DO SERVIÇO DE ATENÇÃO DOMICILIAR EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA PARA IDOSOS (ILPI) TESTADOS POSITIVOS PARA COVID 19 COM VULNERABILIDADE DE CONTROLE

de Sousa, T. S., Teixeira, E. M. B., & Fernandes, R. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1762128045

MUDANÇAS NO ESTILO DE VIDA EM ADULTOS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EM MINAS GERAIS

Malta, D. C., Gomes, C. S., da Silva, A. G., de Sá, A. C. M. G. N., Prates, E. J. S., Freitas, M. I. D. F., Machado, Í. E., Barros, M. B. D. A., Júnior, P. R. B. D. S., Romero, D. E., et al. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1762128044

INTERAÇÃO DIGITAL DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

dos Santos, E. P., Rigo, Y. B., Silveira, G. S. M., de Oliveira, V. S., da Silva, C. S., Borges, M. D. A. P., Mourão, C. R., Pereira, C. F. D. N., da Silva, M. A. B., Monteiro, J. D. A. S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1762128048

IMPORTÂNCIA DA ESPIRITUALIDADE NO ENFRENTAMENTO DO LUTO EM TEMPOS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Lima, A. L. D. O., Abreu, L. M., Parente, J. D. S., Pereira, E. R., de Medeiros, A. Y. B. B. V., Ramos, G. F. S., da Silva, T. R., de Souza, W. M., & de Azevedo, S. L. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1762128047

Your Secret Decoder to Graduate School and/or Career Success

Cannon, B. (2021) · Eye on Psi Chi Magazine · doi:10.24839/2164-9812.eye26.1.40

Environmental Psychology: Not Just for Hippies

McMahan, E. A. (2021) · Eye on Psi Chi Magazine · doi:10.24839/2164-9812.eye26.1.16

Leading and Engaging Employees: Applying the INSPIRE Engagement Model During Pandemic Times

Lopez, P. D. (2021) · Eye on Psi Chi Magazine · doi:10.24839/2164-9812.eye26.1.36

What Skills Do Employers Seek? Four Perspectives

Hettich, P. I. (2021) · Eye on Psi Chi Magazine · doi:10.24839/2164-9812.eye26.1.20 · Cited by 1

How COVID-19 Transformed the Grief Process

Rivera, R. M., & Carballea, D. (2021) · Eye on Psi Chi Magazine · doi:10.24839/2164-9812.eye26.1.31

[The diagnostic value of hyper-alpha-2 globulinemia in neoplasms of the male urinary and genital systems].

Musiani, U., Fornasari, R., & Vaccari, E. H. (1974) · PubMed

Anxiety, Beliefs and Covid-19 in Two Periods of the Pandemic in Brazil: A comparative study

Turri, G. S. D. S., Fonte, R. E. B., Lima-Silva, L. G., & Faro, A. (2021) · Revista Costarricense de Psicología · doi:10.22544/rcps.v40i02.04

Illness and Death in the Covid Epoch

Briggs, D., Telford, L., Lloyd, A., Ellis, A., & Kotzé, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88825-1_3

Overstressed and Understudied: An Examination of Stress and Workplace Leaders

McEvoy, A. (2021) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14934

Bereavement during lockdown: The potential impact of COVID-19 restrictions on grief and post-traumatic stress disorder in a Turkish populationPreprint

Kaya, E., Barlas, Z., Barlas, F., Wilson, A. D., & Dönmezler, S. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/69g5n

Comment le deuil est passé de la culture à la psychiatrie

Bacque, M. (2022) · Soins Psychiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.spsy.2022.04.003

Ética e Presença: efeitos da pandemia do COVID-19 nas práticas dos profissionais da Psicologia no Brasil

Cleto, L. B. N., & de Oliveira, G. R. (2022) · Mosaico · doi:10.21727/rm.v13i2.3219

Anticipated Long-Term Neurobehavioral Outcomes Following COVID-19

Bailey, E. K., Kamper, J. E., & Gius, B. K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08045-6_30

Neue Möglichkeiten zur Bewältigung von Verlusterfahrungen durch app-basierte Co-Creation Prozesse

Ruckau, S., Heß, J., & Rösch-Lehmann, A. (2022) · Markenkommunikation und Beziehungsmarketing · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-38366-4_14

PELATIHAN PENDAMPINGAN PSIKOSOSIAL PASIEN COVID-19 YANG SEDANG ISOLASI MANDIRI DI RUMAH BAGI PETUGAS KESEHATAN DI PUSKESMAS

Puspitosari, W. A., & Wardaningsih, S. (2022) · Prosiding Seminar Nasional Program Pengabdian Masyarakat · doi:10.18196/ppm.43.685

Addressing nurses' prolonged grief due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Wilson-Mooney, C., Smith, E. M., & Bradwisch, S. A. (2022) · Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000902948.21436.60

Død, sorg og ritualer under pandemien

Andersen, K. (2022) · Suicidologi/Nytt i suicidologi · doi:10.5617/suicidologi.9995

GROw, an Internet-delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) for Adults with Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD)

Tur, C., & Tur Domenech, C. (2023) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · doi:10.6035/14109.2023.433029

Online cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged grief after traumatic loss: A randomized waitlist-controlled trialPreprint

Lenferink, L. I. M., Eisma, M. C., Buiter, M. Y., de Keijser, J., & Boelen, P. A. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/wjn6f

Internet-based grief therapy program for bereaved individuals at risk: A case series study

Baş, S., & Yorulmaz, O. (2023) · Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.57127/kpd.26024438m0000110

El impacto del COVID-19 en la muerte y el duelo

Pentaris, P. (2023) · Revista Internacional de Organizaciones · doi:10.17345/rio30.13-26

Same but Different: The Perceptions of Faith-Based Funeral Providers in a Pandemic

Flynn, E. M. (2023) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v11i5.3805

Neue Ansätze in der Trauerbewältigung – Mobile Applikationen als Digitaler Erlebnis- und Ermöglichungsraum

Ruckau, S., Schneider, A., & Rösch-Lehmann, A. (2023) · Forum Dienstleistungsmanagement · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-41815-1_12

Influence de l’utilisation des technologies virtuelles de communication en contexte de décès pandémique sur le risque de vivre un deuil compliqué, de l’anxiété et des symptômes dépressifs

Tapp, D., Grenier, J., Chénard, J., Henry, M., Gagnon, P. R., Masella, J., Plaisance, A., & Plamondon, L. (2023) · Etudes sur la mort/Études sur la mort · doi:10.3917/eslm.159.0101

Prolonged Grief Disorder di Masa Pandemi COVID-19: Suatu Tinjauan Pustaka

Wiyoga, R. L., Indriarti, M. R., & Septiawan, D. (2023) · Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek · doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v29i3.2656

Experiencias de estrés y recursos personales y sociales de estudiantes y funcionarios universitarios en pandemia COVID-19

Rodríguez, L. C., Rodríguez, L. C., Palet, D., Haeger, P. A., & Mella, F. R. (2023) · Límite · doi:10.4067/s0718-50652023000100208

What Is Prolonged Grief Disorder and How Can Its Likelihood Be Reduced?

Waldrop, D. P., & Anderson, E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-84702-5.00066-x

RECURSOS INTRA E EXTRA FAMILIARES QUE AUXILIARAM AS FAMÍLIAS FRENTE AS PERDAS VIVENCIADAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19

Pai, S. D., da Silva, M. R. S., Cunha, A. F. D. D. M. E., da Silva, A. S. B., Lopes, E. D. S., Pontes, E. R., Tisott, Z. L., & Schek, G. (2023) · Revista Foco · doi:10.54751/revistafoco.v16n11-107

References

Briggs, D., Ellis, A., Lloyd, A., & Telford, L. (2021) · Policy Press eBooks · doi:10.51952/9781447362319.bm002

“Feridos e desamparados”: experiência vivida por enlutados da COVID-19

Simões, C. H. D., da Silva, G. R. D. A., Ribas, M. D. S. A., Ribas, T. A., & Aiello-Vaisberg, T. M. J. (2023) · Revista Família Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social · doi:10.18554/refacs.v11i3.6616

Comprensión de la muerte y elaboración del duelo en niños durante la pandemia

Delgado, J. B., & Pepinosa, A. P. R. (2024) · Informes Psicológicos · doi:10.18566/infpsic.v24n1a01 · Cited by 2

Herdeiros da COVID-19: lutos de familiares durante a pandemia

Sola, P. P. B. (2023) · doi:10.11606/d.59.2023.tde-01022024-121732

Trauer, Pandemie und Adoleszenz: Eine neuralgische Triade?

Klevinghaus, D. (2024) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666806261.39

Modeling the Relationship Between Reality Testing and Object Relations with Psychological Well-being Through the Mediation of Defense Mechanisms in Grief Disorder

Poshtareh, S., Moghadam, H. E., & Moradi, H. (2024) · doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.5.3.16

Comparing the Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Experiential Avoidance in Individuals Grieving Due to COVID-19

Roodsary, A. S., Shiroudi, S. G., & Rahmani, M. (2024) · doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.5.3.10

Grief Of Families Left Behind By Family Members Due To Covide-19 In Semarang

Windiarti, S. E., Riyadi, A., Rahayu, U. M., & Tangdilintin, A. M. (2023) · Journal Research of Social Science Economics and Management · doi:10.59141/jrssem.v3i3.616

Trauer, Pandemie und Adoleszenz: Eine neuralgische Triade?

Klevinghaus, D. (2024) · Leidfaden · doi:10.13109/leid.2024.13.1.39

Longitudinal changes in depression and anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the impact of COVID‐related factors

Fleming, C. E., Rose, A. L., Franzese, A. T., & Weaver, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23697 · Cited by 1

Processo de comunicação e de comunicação de más notícias na pandemia COVID-19

de Mattos, L. M., Amorim, C. B., Barlem, E. L. D., & Avancini, R. C. (2024) · Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales · doi:10.55905/revconv.17n.4-188

Let people have their people: Exploring death and grieving during COVID-19

Struke, S. (2024) · doi:10.24124/2024/59503

Introduction

Ione, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55440-7_1

Práticas de memorialização virtuais no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil

de Freitas, L. C. (2024) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2024.tde-16052024-160001

Trajectories of DSM-5-TR Prolonged Grief Disorder Severity in the First Two Years After Loss During the COVID-19 PandemicPreprint

Reitsma, L., Mooren, T. T. M., Mouthaan, J., Pociūnaitė-Ott, J., van Hoof, M., Groen, S., Lotzin, A., Boelen, P. A., & Lenferink, L. I. M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hkjfq

COVID-19 Deaths in Transnational Settings: Disrupted Bereavement and Pandemic-Related Prolonged Grief Disorder in the Latinx Immigrant Population

Shaulis, K., & Garcia, V. (2024) · Hispanic Health Care International · doi:10.1177/15404153241290175

Erschwerte Trauer unter Pandemie-Bedingungen?

Schmid, F., Büssing, A., & Baumann, K. (2024) · Spiritual Care · doi:10.1515/spircare-2022-0061

Implications of brief cognitive behavioral intervention in managing prolonged grief and perceived stress among college students

Nag, A., Halder, S., Gupta, S. S., & Hussain, A. (2024) · Odisha Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ojp.ojp_22_24

Complicated grief as a mental health sequel derived from the COVID-19 pandemic

Barraza-Sánchez, B. E. (2025) · Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA · doi:10.29057/mjmr.v13i25.12420

Psychopathological Symptoms of Individuals Recently Bereaved During COVID‐19 Pandemic: Symptom Profiles, Predictive Factors and Correlations With Insomnia

Qian, W., Xie, T., Tang, R., Xu, X. Y., Jiao, K., Zou, X., & Wang, J. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70066

Beyond the Pandemic: A Phenomenological Journey Through Grief in Bereaved Families Four Years Post-COVID-19 Restrictions

Bazyar, M., Sadeghifar, J., Mehrabian, T., Pirkalani, R. K., Ghasemyani, S., Raadabadi, M., & Bazyar, J. (2025) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228251367243

As COVID-19 restrictions lift, grief literacy can help us support those around us

Cadell, S., Macdonald, M. E., Joy, K., & Cherblanc, J. (2021) · doi:10.64628/aam.gjp7pa5cy

Loss circumstances, grief and political dissatisfaction following COVID-19 deaths in Brazil: A qualitative study

Bolaséll, L. T., Eisma, M. C., Abadi, A. M., Brunnet, A. E., & Kristensen, C. H. (2025) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2025.2551376

Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) for Spanish-Speaking Adults with Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD): A Randomized Feasibility Trial

Tur, C., Campos, D., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., Fernández-Buendía, S., Grimaldos, J., de la Coba-Cañizares, L., Kazlauskas, E., & Quero, S. (2025) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs15101312

Prevalence and correlates of problematic grief in bereaved adults in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Keyan, D., Garland, N., Rise, P., Azevedo, S., & Bryant, R. A. (2025) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2025.100239

Digital assessment of grief reactions in Vietnamese bereaved: protocol for an experience sampling study

Le, H. H., Nguyen, H., Du, N., Pham, C., Le, T., Dang, H., & Killikelly, C. (2026) · Mental Health and Digital Technologies · doi:10.1108/mhdt-09-2025-0057

The phenomenology of missing a deceased loved one in the context of different types of loss

Saporovskaya, M. V., & Сергеевна, К. А. (2025) · Clinical Psychology and Special Education · doi:10.17759/cpse.2025140406

Parenting through COVID-19 Related Adversity: A Qualitative Study using a Cognitive-Behavioral Framework

Coughlan, S. K., Beasley, L. O., Jespersen, J. E., Hays-Grudo, J., Kable, J. A., Coles, C. D., Chambers, C., Bakhireva, L. N., Singer, L. T., Croff, J. M., et al. (2026) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-026-00196-5

Reading Through Grief

Pinto, S. (2026) · Life Writing · doi:10.1080/14484528.2026.2635350

Complicated Grief Among People Who Lost Loved Ones to COVID-19 in Panama

Bósquez, E., Oviedo, D. C., Britton, G. B., Tratner, A. E., Rodríguez-Araña, S., & Mon, R. (2026) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid6050079

An internet-based intervention for bereavement: A randomized controlled trial in Turkish sample

Baş, S., & Yorulmaz, O. (2026) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2026.2683687

Worden's Task‐Based Approach for Prolonged Grief Disorder in COVID ‐19 Bereaved Adults

Khosravi, M. (2026) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.70194

Identifying risk factors of acute and prolonged grief using large-scale survey data

Eisma, M. C., & Jankovičová, J. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122434

Percepção dos trabalhadores da saúde atuantes na linha de frente à COVID-19 acerca das mudanças advindas do contexto pandêmico

Medeiros, R. D. C. D. S., Silva, A. K. L. C. E., Fonseca, Á. M. D., da Silva, A. B., & do Nascimento, E. G. C. (2026) · Arquivos do Mudi · doi:10.4025/arqmudi.v30i4.84621

Changes in social connection, physical activity, and positive psychological attributes associated with grief-related symptoms and depression among bereaved older women during COVID-19

Goveas, J. S., Ray, R. M., Pai, M., Shadyab, A. H., Mouton, C., Saquib, N., Manson, J. E., Kroenke, C. H., & Al‐Delaimy, W. K. (2026) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2026.2737206

Global prevalence of prolonged grief disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic under standardized diagnostic frameworks: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Li, S., Qiu, L., Li, Y., Liu, X., Luo, Z., Liu, J., & Ma, X. F. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104541 · Cited by 1

DSM-5-TR prolonged grief disorder levels after natural, COVID-19, and unnatural loss during the COVID-19 pandemic

Lenferink, L. I. M., & Boelen, P. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100516 · Cited by 20

What Is Prolonged Grief Disorder and How Can Its Likelihood Be Reduced?

Waldrop, D. P., & Anderson, E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-84702-5.00066-x

Is COVID-19 loss more associated with prolonged grief disorder than other losses?

İnci̇, F., Varol, B., Kamışlı, S., Terzioğlu, C., Bağcaz, A., & Kılıç, C. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2406343 · Cited by 2

Are deaths from COVID-19 associated with higher rates of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) than deaths from other causes?

Gang, J., Falzarano, F. B., She, W. J., Winoker, H., & Prigerson, H. G. (2022) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2022.2039326 · Cited by 62