Psychiatrists’ experiences and opinions of generative artificial intelligence in mental healthcare: An online mixed methods survey
Open accessAbstract
Following the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, interest in large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots has surged with increasing focus on the clinical potential of these tools. Missing from this discussion, however, are the perspectives of physicians. The current study aimed to explore psychiatrists' experiences and opinions on this new generation of chatbots in mental health care. An online survey including both quantitative and qualitative responses was distributed to a non-probability sample of psychiatrists affiliated with the American Psychiatric Association. Findings revealed 44 % of psychiatrists had used OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 and 33 % had used GPT-4.0 "to assist with answering clinical questions." Administrative tasks were cited as a major benefit of these tools: 70 % somewhat agreed/agreed "documentation will be/is more efficient". Three in four psychiatrists (75 %) somewhat agreed/agreed "the majority of their patients will consult these tools before first seeing a doctor". Nine in ten somewhat agreed/agreed that clinicians need more support/training in understanding these tools. Open-ended responses reflected these opinions but respondents also expressed divergent opinions on the value of generative AI in clinical practice, including its impact on the future of the profession.
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The mental health support potential of LLM-CBs has been noted by both patients and practitioners.
“The mental health support potential of LLM-CBs has been noted by both patients149,152,153 and practitioners153–155”
From A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots (2026) · cites this paper as [154]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Blease, C., Worthen, A., & Torous, J.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- American Psychiatric Association (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blease, Charlotte
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-03
- Volume
- 333
- Pages
- 115724
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4390749717
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 19
- FWCI
- 10.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- generative AI, large language models, psychiatrists' perspectives, ChatGPT, GPT-4, mental health services, administrative efficiency, clinical documentation, clinician training, future of psychiatry, physician attitudes
- MeSH terms
- Psychiatrists, Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Mental Health Services, Psychiatry, Surveys and Questionnaires
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