CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 699Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsMemory and Neural MechanismsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans

Benedict, Christian, Hallschmid, Manfred, Hatke, Astrid, Schultes, Bernd, Fehm, Horst L, Born, Jan, Kern, Werner·2004·Psychoneuroendocrinology
DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.003
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested an acutely improving effect of insulin on memory function. To study changes in memory associated with a prolonged increase in brain insulin activity in humans, here we used the intranasal route of insulin administration known to provide direct access of the substance to the cerebrospinal fluid compartment. Based on previous results indicating a prevalence of insulin receptors in limbic and hippocampal regions as well as improvements in memory with systemic insulin administration, we expected that intranasal administration of insulin improves primarily hippocampus dependent declaration memory function. Also, improvements in mood were expected. We investigated the effects of 8 weeks of intranasal administration of insulin (human regular insulin 4 x 40 IU/d) on declarative memory (immediate and delayed recall of word lists), attention (Stroop test), and mood in 38 healthy subjects (24 males) in a double blind, between-subject comparison. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels did not differ between the placebo and insulin conditions. Delayed recall of words significantly improved after 8 weeks of intranasal insulin administration (words recalled, Placebo 2.92 +/- 1.00, Insulin 6.20 +/- 1.03, p < 0.05). Moreover, subjects after insulin reported signs of enhanced mood, such as reduced anger (p < 0.02) and enhanced self-confidence (p < 0.03). Results indicate a direct action of prolonged intranasal administration of insulin on brain functions, improving memory and mood in the absence of systemic side effects. These findings could be of relevance for the treatment of patients with memory disorders like in Alzheimer's disease.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.003

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 34 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 699

Related

Metadata

Authors
Benedict, C., Hallschmid, M., Hatke, A., Schultes, B., Fehm, H. L., Born, J., & Kern, W.
Affiliations
University of Lübeck (DE)
Corresponding author
Benedict, Christian
ORCID
Benedict, Christian
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-11
Volume
29
Issue
10
Pages
1326-1334
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.003
OpenAlex
W2123541107
Cited by
699
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 45
FWCI
9.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
intranasal insulin, memory, declarative memory, delayed recall, mood, attention, Stroop task, hippocampus, insulin receptor, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrospinal fluid insulin
MeSH terms
Administration, Intranasal, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Insulin, Male, Mental Recall, Reference Values, Sex Factors, Verbal Learning

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review