Cited by 116Stress Responses and CortisolAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Anxiety disorders and salivary cortisol levels in older adults: a population-based study

Open access

Hek, Karin, Direk, Nese, Newson, Rachel S., Hofman, Albert, Hoogendijk, Witte J.G., Mulder, Cornelis L., Tiemeier, Henning·2013·Psychoneuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.06.006

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Context The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the body's main systems that controls response to stress. It acts through the hormone cortisol. While the dysregulation of cortisol has been associated with anxiety disorders, the evidence is inconsistent. Moreover, only a few small studies have assessed this relationship in older adults.Objective To determine whether in adults aged 65 years and over there is a difference in daily cortisol pattern between those with and without an anxiety disorder.Methods The study population comprised 1788 older adults from a population-based cohort. The Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, agoraphobia and panic disorder). The cortisol awakening response and total cortisol secretion over the day were calculated from cortisol levels in four saliva samples taken over the course of one day (at awakening, 30min after awakening, at 1700h, at bedtime).Results Older adults with an anxiety disorder (n=145, median duration since first symptoms 41 years) had a lower cortisol awakening response (p=0.02) than those without such a disorder (n=1643). This association was most prominent in those with generalized anxiety disorder (p=0.008), but was not associated with the extent of chronicity of anxiety disorders.Conclusion Older adults from the general population with long-lasting anxiety disorders had a lower cortisol awakening response than those without. This is consistent with the notion that chronic anxiety may result in downregulation of HPA-axis activity. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this mechanism.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.06.006

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00108-7 · Cited by 3,638
The Rotterdam Study: objectives and design update
Albert Hofman, D., Breteler, M. M. B., van Duijn, C. M., Krestin, G. P., Pols, H. A. P., Stricker, B. H. C., Tiemeier, H. W., Uitterlinden, A. G., Vingerling, J. R., & Witteman, J. C. M. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9199-x · Cited by 1,408
Self-citation
A new view on hypocortisolism
Fries, E., Hesse, J., Hellhammer, J., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.006 · Cited by 1,204
BRIEF COMMUNICATION.
Beekman, A. T. F., Deeg, D. J. H., van Limbeek, J., Braam, A. W., VRIES, M. Z. D., & van Tilburg, W. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796003510 · Cited by 1,135
Effects of gender and age on the levels and circadian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol
Van Cauter, E. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.81.7.2468 · Cited by 951
The awakening cortisol response: methodological issues and significance
Clow, A., Thorn, L., Evans, P., & Hucklebridge, F. (2004) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890410001667205 · Cited by 856
Test-retest reliability of the computerized DSM-IV version of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI)
Wittchen, H.-U., Lachner, G., Wunderlich, U., & Pfister, H. (1998) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270050095 · Cited by 668
Compliance With Saliva Sampling Protocols: Electronic Monitoring Reveals Invalid Cortisol Daytime Profiles in Noncompliant Subjects
Kudielka, B. M., Broderick, J. E., & Kirschbaum, C. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000058374.50240.bf · Cited by 489
Awakening cortisol responses are influenced by health status and awakening time but not by menstrual cycle phase
Kudielka, B. M., & Kirschbaum, C. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00008-2 · Cited by 457
Depression and Anxiety in the United States: Findings From the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Strine, T. W., Mokdad, A. H., Balluz, L. S., Gonzalez, O., Crider, R. A., Berry, J. T., & Kroenke, K. (2008) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2008.59.12.1383 · Cited by 407

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 18 references

Sorted by citations

Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond
Michopoulos, V., Powers, A., Gillespie, C. F., Ressler, K. J., & Jovanovic, T. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.146 · Cited by 786
The Rotterdam Study: 2018 update on objectives, design and main results
Ikram, M. A., Brusselle, G., Murad, S. D., van Duijn, C. M., Franco, O. H., Goedegebure, A., Klaver, C. C. W., Nijsten, T. E. C., Peeters, R. P., Stricker, B. H. C., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0321-4 · Cited by 447
Self-citation
A systematic review of sleep disturbance in anxiety and related disorders
Cox, R. C., & Olatunji, B. O. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.12.001 · Cited by 395
The Rotterdam Study: 2016 objectives and design update
Albert Hofman, D., Brusselle, G., Murad, S. D., van Duijn, C. M., Franco, O. H., Goedegebure, A., Ikram, M. A., Klaver, C. C. W., Nijsten, T. E. C., Peeters, R. P., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0082-x · Cited by 385
Self-citation
Biological markers for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD: A consensus statement. Part II: Neurochemistry, neurophysiology and neurocognition
Bandelow, B., Baldwin, D., Abelli, M., Bolea-Alamanac, B., Bourin, M., Chamberlain, S. R., Cinosi, E., Davies, S., Domschke, K., Fineberg, N., et al. (2017) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1190867 · Cited by 347
Aging and the HPA axis: Stress and resilience in older adults
Gaffey, A. E., Bergeman, C. S., Clark, L. A., & Wirth, M. M. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.036 · Cited by 273
Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, Anxiety and Depression
Chojnowska, S., Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek, I., Kępka, A., Knaś, M., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10030517 · Cited by 251
Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: The Role of the HPA Axis
Tafet, G. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00443 · Cited by 216
Zebrafish models in neuropsychopharmacology and CNS drug discovery
Khan, K. M., Collier, A. D., Мешалкина, Д. А., Kysil, E. V., Khatsko, S. L., Kolesnikova, T. O., Morzherin, Y. Y., Warnick, J. E., Kalueff, A. V., & Echevarria, D. J. (2017) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13754 · Cited by 217
Oxytocin׳s role in anxiety: A critical appraisal
MacDonald, K., & Feifel, D. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.025 · Cited by 139
Neural structures, functioning and connectivity in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and interaction with neuroendocrine systems: A systematic review
Hilbert, K., Lueken, U., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.022 · Cited by 153
Adding fuel to the fire: the impact of stress on the ageing brain
Prenderville, J. A., Kennedy, P. J., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.001 · Cited by 136
Mild cognitive impairment and risk of depression and anxiety: A population‐based study
Mirza, S. S., Ikram, M. A., Bos, D., Mihăescu, R., Albert Hofman, D., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2361 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
Biological markers of generalized anxiety disorder
Maron, E., & Nutt, D. (2017) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2017.19.2/dnutt · Cited by 164
Hair cortisol concentrations in mental disorders: A systematic review
Koumantarou Malisiova, E., Mourikis, I., Darviri, C., Nicolaides, N. C., Zervas, I. M., Papageorgiou, C., & Chrousos, G. P. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113244 · Cited by 99
Psychosocial functioning and the cortisol awakening response: meta-analysis, P-curve analysis, and evaluation of the evidential value in existing studies
Boggero, I. A., Hostinar, C. E., Haak, E. A., Murphy, M. L. M., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.058 · Cited by 97
Biological Markers in Anxiety Disorders
Łoś, K., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10081744 · Cited by 105
Hair cortisol concentrations and cortisol stress reactivity in generalized anxiety disorder, major depression and their comorbidity
Steudte‐Schmiedgen, S., Wichmann, S., Tobias Stalder, A., Hilbert, K., Muehlhan, M., Lueken, U., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.024 · Cited by 93
Separating generalized anxiety disorder from major depression using clinical, hormonal, and structural MRI data: A multimodal machine learning study
Hilbert, K., Lueken, U., Muehlhan, M., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2017) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.633 · Cited by 91
New Research on Anxiety Disorders in the Elderly and an Update on Evidence-Based Treatments
Andreescu, C., & Varon, D. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0595-8 · Cited by 85
Investigation of Cortisol Levels in Patients with Anxiety Disorders: A Structured Review
Elnazer, H. Y., & Baldwin, D. S. (2014) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2014_299 · Cited by 73
Attachment Style Moderates the Effects of Oxytocin on Social Behaviors and Cognitions During Social Rejection: Applying a Research Domain Criteria Framework to Social Anxiety
Fang, A., Hoge, E. A., Heinrichs, M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614527948 · Cited by 60
The impact of virtual reality meditation on college students’ exam performance
Kaplan‐Rakowski, R., Johnson, K. R., & Wojdyński, T. (2021) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-021-00166-7 · Cited by 71
A study on multi-class anxiety detection using wearable EEG headband
Arsalan, A., & Majid, M. (2021) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-021-03249-y · Cited by 53
Saliva – a new opportunity for fluid biopsy
Huang, Z., Yang, X., Huang, Y., Tang, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, H., Huang, M., Qing, L., Li, L., Wang, Q. L., et al. (2022) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2022-0793 · Cited by 54
Treating Anxiety Disorders in Older Adults: Current Treatments and Future Directions
Bower, E. S., Wetherell, J. L., Mon, T., & Lenze, E. J. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000064 · Cited by 88
Population-Based Study on the Effect of a Forest Environment on Salivary Cortisol Concentration
Kobayashi, H., Song, C., Ikei, H., Park, B.-J., Lee, J., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14080931 · Cited by 49
Peripheral Biomarkers in DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders: An Updated Overview
Vismara, M. E. M., Girone, N., Cirnigliaro, G., Fasciana, F., Vanzetto, S., Ferrara, L., Priori, A., D’Addario, C., Viganò, C. A., & Dell’Osso, B. M. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10080564 · Cited by 48
Biological Markers of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Maron, E., & Nutt, D. (2018) · Focus · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.16205 · Cited by 42
Distribution characteristics of salivary cortisol measurements in a healthy young male population
Kobayashi, H., & Miyazaki, Y. (2015) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-015-0068-0 · Cited by 39
5-HTTLPR, anxiety and gender interaction moderates right amygdala volume in healthy subjects
Cerasa, A., Quattrone, A., Piras, F., Mangone, G., Magariello, A., Fagioli, S., Girardi, P., Muglia, M., Caltagirone, C., & Spalletta, G. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst144 · Cited by 35
Hypothalamic Networks in Adolescents With Excess Weight: Stress-Related Connectivity and Associations With Emotional Eating
Martín-Pérez, C., Contreras‐Rodríguez, O., Vilar‐López, R., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.039 · Cited by 38
The relationship between fibromyalgia, stress and depression
Thiagarajah, A. S., Guymer, E. K., Leech, M. T., & Littlejohn, G. O. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.2217/ijr.14.30 · Cited by 36
Associations of saliva cortisol and hair cortisol with generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and major depressive disorder: An epidemiological cohort study in adolescents and young adults
Kische, H., Ollmann, T. M., Voß, C., Hoyer, J., Rückert, F., Pieper, L., Kirschbaum, C., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105167 · Cited by 31
Treatment response biomarkers in anxiety disorders: From neuroimaging to neuronally-derived extracellular vesicles and beyond
Strawn, J. R., & Levine, A. (2020) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100024 · Cited by 30
Organic cation transporter 3 and the dopamine transporter differentially regulate catecholamine uptake in the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens
Holleran, K. M., Rose, J. H., Fordahl, S., Benton, K. C., Rohr, K. E., Gasser, P., & Jones, S. R. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14927 · Cited by 25
Chronic stress-like syndrome as a consequence of medial site subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Růžička, F., Jech, R., Nováková, L., Urgošík, D., Bezdíček, O., Vymazal, J., & Růžička, E. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.12.001 · Cited by 28
Predictors of psychological distress in breast cancer survivors: A biopsychosocial approach
Pérez-Tejada, J., Labaka, A., Pascual‐Sagastizábal, E., Garmendia, L., Iruretagoyena, A., & Arregi, A. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13166 · Cited by 29
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Demertzis, K. H., & Craske, M. G. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-28370-8_30 · Cited by 27
Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. flower in the stressed rats
Hawiset, T., Sriraksa, N., Kamsrijai, U., Wanchai, K., & Inkaew, P. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08881 · Cited by 29
Effects of tryptophan depletion on anxiety, a systematic review
Schopman, S. M. E., Bosman, R. C., Muntingh, A., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Batelaan, N. M. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01219-8 · Cited by 26
Interactions between symptoms and psychological status in irritable bowel syndrome: An exploratory study of the impact of a probiotic combination
Groeger, D., Murphy, E. F., Tan, H. T., Larsen, I., O’Neill, I. J., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2022) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14477 · Cited by 24
Comparing a genetic and a psychological factor as correlates of anxiety, depression, and chronic stress in men with prostate cancer
Sharpley, C. F., Christie, D., Bitsika, V., Andronicos, N. M., Agnew, L. L., Richards, T. M., & McMillan, M. (2018) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4183-4 · Cited by 23
Combined Chair-Based Exercises Improve Functional Fitness, Mental Well-Being, Salivary Steroid Balance, and Anti-microbial Activity in Pre-frail Older Women
Furtado, G. E., Letieri, R. V., Caldo‐Silva, A., Trombeta, J. C. D. S., Monteiro, C. I., Rodrigues, R. N., Pedrosa, A., Barros, M. P., Cavaglieri, C. R., Hogervorst, E., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.564490 · Cited by 25
Is There Any Association Between Chronic Periodontitis and Anxiety in Adults? A Systematic Review
Aragão, W. A. B., Souza‐Monteiro, D., Frazão, D. R., Né, Y. G. D. S., Ferreira, R. D. O., Rivera, L. F. S., Saito, M. T., Rõsing, C. K., Fagundes, N. C. F., Maia, L. C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710606 · Cited by 24
Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and salivary cortisol levels in college students with different levels of academic stress. Study protocol
Castillo-Navarrete, J.-L., Guzmán-Castillo, A., Bustos, C., & Rojas, R. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282007 · Cited by 24
Diurnal Changes in Distribution Characteristics of Salivary Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations
Kobayashi, H., Song, C., Ikei, H., Park, B., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14090987 · Cited by 28
Systemic, Lifestyle and Environmental Modifying Factors in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis
Groeger, S. E., Yuxi, Z., Yong, J., Wang, L., Ruf, S., & Meyle, J. (2025) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.70003 · Cited by 26
The Very Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Direk, N., Dekker, M. J. H. J., Luik, A. I., Kirschbaum, C., de Rijke, Y. B., Albert Hofman, D., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164348 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
The effects of glucocorticoids on depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent cell proliferation regulates anxiety-like behaviors
Chen, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, S., Chu, S., Mou, Z., & Chen, N. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.026 · Cited by 21
Objectively measured sedentary time and mental and cognitive health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in The Rotterdam Study
Koolhaas, C. M., van Rooij, F. J. A., Kocevska, D., Luik, A. I., Ikram, M. A., Franco, O. H., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2019) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2019.100296 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Do individual differences in state and trait anxiety predict sleep difficulties in healthy older adults?
Weeks, P., Hayley, A. C., & Stough, C. K. K. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.004 · Cited by 16
Electroencephalography Based Machine Learning Framework for Anxiety Classification
Arsalan, A., Majid, M., & Anwar, S. M. (2020) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5232-8_17 · Cited by 15
Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Machine Learning Based Anxiety Classification Using EEG Signals
Shikha, S., Agrawal, M., Anwar, M. A., & Sethia, D. (2021) · International Conference on AI-ML Systems (AIMLSystems) · doi:10.1145/3486001.3486227 · Cited by 14
Predisposition or side effect of the duration: the reactivity of the HPA-axis under psychosocial stress in panic disorder
Wintermann, G., Kirschbaum, C., & Petrowski, K. (2016) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.06.008 · Cited by 14
Aging and sleep in Williams syndrome: Accelerated sleep deterioration and decelerated slow wave sleep decrement
Bódizs, R., Gombos, F., Gerván, P., Szőcs, K., Réthelyi, J., & Kovács, I. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.056 · Cited by 14
Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays: prospects in biodiagnostics
Fitzgerald, J. E., & Fenniri, H. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra16403j · Cited by 14
Association Between Self-care Behaviors and Self-esteem of Rural Elderlies; Necessity of Health Promotion
Bagheri‐Nesami, M., Goudarzian, A. H., Mirani, H., Jouybari, S. S., & Nasirii, D. (2016) · Materia Socio Medica · doi:10.5455/msm.2016.28.41-45 · Cited by 13
Anxiety and the Risk of Stroke
Portegies, M. L. P., Bos, M. J., Koudstaal, P. J., Albert Hofman, D., Tiemeier, H. W., & Ikram, M. A. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.012361 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Emotions and Steroid Secretion in Aging Men: A Multi—Study Report
Walther, A., Waldvogel, P., Noser, E., Schoch-Ruppen, J., & Ehlert, U. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01722 · Cited by 11
Psychological Profile, Salivary Cortisol, C-Reactive Protein, and Perceived Health of Grandmothers With Childrearing Responsibility
Ross, M. E., Kang, D.-H., & Cron, S. G. (2014) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x14540157 · Cited by 13
Variation in SLC1A1 is related to combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Zhang, J., Sheerin, C. M., Mandel, H., Banducci, A. N., Myrick, H., Acierno, R. E., Amstadter, A. B., & Wang, Z. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.013 · Cited by 12
Limitations in the inverse association between psychological resilience and depression in prostate cancer patients experiencing chronic physiological stress
Sharpley, C. F., Christie, D., Bitsika, V., Agnew, L. L., Andronicos, N. M., McMillan, M., & Richards, T. M. (2017) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4496 · Cited by 12
The potential mechanism of Bupleurum against anxiety was predicted by network pharmacology study and molecular docking
Wu, H.-B., Xiao, Y.-G., Chen, J., & Qiu, Z.-K. (2022) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-022-00970-1 · Cited by 12
The use of salivary cortisol as an index of chronic stress that correlates with depression in prostate cancer patients
Sharpley, C. F., Christie, D., Bitsika, V., Agnew, L. L., Andronicos, N. M., McMillan, M., & Richards, T. M. (2016) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4327 · Cited by 12
Serum cortisol levels in patients with a transient global amnesia
Schneckenburger, R., Hainselin, M., Viader, F., Eustache, F., & Quinette, P. (2020) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.011 · Cited by 11
The efficacy of computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) on psychobiological responses and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Yang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Xu, Y. J., & Wang, B. (2021) · Perioperative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13741-021-00195-3 · Cited by 14
Impact of alprazolam in allostatic load and neurocognition of patients with anxiety disorders and chronic stress (GEMA): observational study protocol
Soria, C., Remedi, C., Nunez, D. A., D'Alessio, L., & Roldán, E. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007231 · Cited by 11
Neurobiological and psychological evidence of chronic stress in prostate cancer patients
Sharpley, C. F., Christie, D., Bitsika, V., Agnew, L. L., Andronicos, N. M., McMillan, M., & Richards, T. M. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12671 · Cited by 11
Interaction effects of anxiety and outdoor activity spaces on frailty among nursing home residents in Jinan, China: Is there a gender difference?
Zhao, M., Qu, T., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Li, M., & Wang, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1133340 · Cited by 10
Etiologic specificity of waking Cortisol: Links with maternal history of depression and anxiety in adolescent girls
Goldstein, B. L., Perlman, G., Kotov, R., Broderick, J. E., Liu, K., Ruggero, C. J., & Klein, D. N. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.079 · Cited by 12
Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F. H., Evans, P. D., & Clow, A. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.019 · Cited by 10
Cortisol Awakening Reaction and Anxiety in Depressed Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Weber, C., Fangauf, S. V., Michal, M., Ronel, J., Herrmann‐Lingen, C., Ladwig, K., Beutel, M. E., Albus, C., Söllner, W., Perschel, F. H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11020374 · Cited by 9
Effects of anxiety reduction training on physiological indices and serum cortisol levels before elective surgery.
Bahrami, N., Soleimani, M. A., Nia, H. S., Shaigan, H., Sheikhi, M. R., & رضایی, ژ. م. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9
Psychosocial Stress and Salivary Cortisol in Older People: A Brief Review
Lai, J. C. L. (2014) · Journal of Aging Science · doi:10.4172/2329-8847.1000120 · Cited by 7
Generalized Worry in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study in Secondary Care
Kalfas, M., Smakowski, A., Hirsch, C. R., Simiao, F., & Chalder, T. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.004 · Cited by 7
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Nutritional, Functional and Frailty Biomarkers of People Living in Nursing Homes. A Prospective Study
Oliveira, A. C. D. S., Gallego, M. G., Martínez, C. G., Mongil, R. L., Molina, J. M., Morante, J. J. H., & Pérez, P. E. (2023) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/10998004231176249 · Cited by 7
Sex and Age-Related Differences in Neuroticism and Allostatic Load Index in Urban Patients with General Anxiety Disorder Treated with Alprazolam
Soria, C., Remedi, C., D’Alessio, L., & Ej, R. (2018) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2018.83019 · Cited by 6
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Llera, S. J., Shin, K. E., Erickson, T. M., Przeworski, A., & Newman, M. G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00213-2 · Cited by 6
Salivary mental stress biomarkers in COVID-19 patients
Deneva, T., Ianakiev, Y., & Boykinova, O. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.999215 · Cited by 7
The biological impact of living with chronic breathlessness – A role for the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis?
Ryan, R., Spathis, A., Clow, A., Fallon, M., & Booth, S. (2014) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.011 · Cited by 8
Cognitive control and cortisol response to stress in generalised anxiety disorder: a study of working memory capacity with negative and neutral distractors
LeMoult, J., McCabe, R. E., Hamedani, A., & Yoon, K. L. (2019) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1666798 · Cited by 6
Late-Night Salivary Cortisol in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Asian Indians Assessed by Second-Generation ECLIA
Prasad, N., Jabbar, P. K., Chellamma, J., John, M., Haridasan, R. K., Anish, T. S., Gomez, R., Das, D., Sreenath, R., George, G. S., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa269 · Cited by 6
Salivary cortisol in longitudinal associations between affective symptoms and midlife cognitive function: A British birth cohort study
John, A., Desai, R., Saunders, R., Buckman, J. E. J., Brown, B., Nurock, S., Michael, S., Ware, P., Marchant, N. L., Aguirre, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.007 · Cited by 5
The Effectiveness of Individual Counseling on Preoperative Perceived Stress in Patients with Cholelitiasis Surgery
Jalali, R., & Dehghan, F. (2017) · Iran Journal of Nursing · doi:10.29252/ijn.30.108.1 · Cited by 5
HPA system in anxiety disorder patients treated with cognitive behavioural therapy: A review
Lange, J. F., & Erhardt, A. (2024) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100116 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by using dexamethasone suppression test in patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder
Hacımusalar, Y., & Eşel, E. (2017) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.5350/dajpn2017300102 · Cited by 4
Zebrafish as a Promising Model in Translational Neurobiology and Biomedicine
Kolesnikova, T. O., Ilyin, N. P., Kotova, M. M., & Калуев, А. В. (2023) · Успехи физиологических наук · doi:10.31857/s0301179823030037 · Cited by 4
Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency Performance in Patients with General Anxiety Disorders and Allostatic Load under Alprazolam Treatment
Soria, C., Remedi, C., D’Alessio, L., & Ej, R. (2019) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2019.92011 · Cited by 4
Diagnosing and treating the elderly individual with hypopituitarism
Corsello, A., Paragliola, R. M., & Salvatori, R. (2023) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-023-09870-w · Cited by 4
The mediating role of loneliness between psychosocial and physiological well-being in older adults
Ho, R., Lo, T. L. T., Fong, T. C. T., Jiang, D., Kwok, J. Y. Y., Yeung, D. Y.-L., Choi, N. G., Warner, L. M., & Chou, K. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107706 · Cited by 3
Exploring Interindividual Variability in Resilience to Stress: Social Support, Coping Styles, and Diurnal Cortisol in Older Adults
Richer, M., Grenier, S., & Plusquellec, P. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15050631 · Cited by 3
Diagnostic status moderates the association between verbal memory and left hippocampal volume in older adults with generalised anxiety disorder and healthy controls
Sirevåg, K., Stavestrand, S. H., Specht, K., Nordhus, I. H., Mohlman, J., Molde, H., Hammar, Å., Halmøy, A., Endal, T. B., Andersson, E. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119621 · Cited by 3
Temporal patterns of anxiety disorders and cortisol activity in older adults
Bakouni, H., Ouimet, M. C., Forget, H., & Vasiliadis, H. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.020 · Cited by 5
Abnormal cortisol awakening responses in patients with neurotic and personality disorders admitted for psychotherapy in day hospital
Dembińska, E., Rutkowski, K., Sobański, J. A., Mielimąka, M., Citkowska-Kisielewska, A., Klasa, K., & Konietzka, M. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.024 · Cited by 3
Searching for Biological Markers of Personality: Are There Neuroendocrine Markers of Anxiety?
Armario, A., & Nadal, R. A. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53925 · Cited by 3
Anxiety Chronicity and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Influences on Salivary Alpha-Amylase in a Diagnostically Heterogeneous Sample of Outpatients with Anxiety Disorders
Finitsis, D. J., Cruess, D., Perez, G. K., Bogucki, O. E., & Tolin, D. (2013) · Journal of Depression & Anxiety · doi:10.4172/2167-1044.1000135 · Cited by 3
Cortisol profiles and clinical severity in MECP2 duplication syndrome
Peters, S. U., Fu, C., Neul, J. L., & Granger, D. A. (2020) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-020-09322-5 · Cited by 3
Chronic Stress in Cognitive Processes: Cortisol Dynamic Range of Secretion Is Associated with Perception of Unsafety Environment in a Venezuelan Population
Ayala‐Grosso, C. A., Torrico, F., Ledezma-Ruiz, M., & Busolo-Pons, M. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200886 · Cited by 4
Effect of brief dog-assisted interventions on psychobiological indicators of stress: a systematic review
Faucher, C., Behler, A., Campbell, M. E. J., & Thienel, R. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2505902 · Cited by 2

Authors: Hek, K., Direk, N., Newson, R. S., Hofman, A., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Mulder, C. L., & Tiemeier, H.
Affiliations: Erasmus MC (NL)
Corresponding author: Tiemeier, Henning
ORCID: Hek, Karin
Newson, Rachel S.
Hoogendijk, Witte J.G.
Mulder, Cornelis L.
Tiemeier, Henning
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-02
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Pages: 300-305
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.06.006
OpenAlex: W2099827792
Cited by: 116
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4
FWCI: 3.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 439 d)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Erasmus MC
Erasmus University Rotterdam
the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)
the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports
the European Commission (DG XII)
Municipality of Rotterdam
BavoEuropoort
the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing
Unilever R&D UK
ZonMW (2009-017.106.370)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: anxiety disorders, salivary cortisol, cortisol awakening response, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, older adults, generalized anxiety disorder, chronic anxiety, stress response
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva, Wakefulness, Cohort Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Anxiety disorders and salivary cortisol levels in older adults: a population-based study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks