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Cited by 164Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorStress Responses and Cortisol

Biological markers of generalized anxiety disorder

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Maron, Eduard, Nutt, David·2017·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
DOI 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.2/dnuttPMC PMC5573559
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Abstract

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and highly disabling mental health condition; however, there is still much to learn with regard to pertinent biomarkers, as well as diagnosis, made more difficult by the marked and common overlap of GAD with affective and anxiety disorders. Recently, intensive research efforts have focused on GAD, applying neuroimaging, genetic, and blood-based approaches toward discovery of pathogenetic and treatment-related biomarkers. In this paper, we review the large amount of available data, and we focus in particular on evidence from neuroimaging, genetic, and neurochemical measurements in GAD in order to better understand potential biomarkers involved in its etiology and treatment. Overall, the majority of these studies have produced results that are solitary findings, sometimes inconsistent and not clearly replicable. For these reasons, they have not yet been translated into clinical practice. Therefore, further research efforts are needed to distinguish GAD from other mental disorders and to provide new biological insights into its pathogenesis and treatment.

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  • The adverse side-effects of antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications remain to be fully illustrated.

    “Moreover, the adverse side‐effects of antidepressants and anti‐anxiety (anxiolytic) medications remain to be fully illustrated. 72 , 73 , 74”

    From Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [72]

    The Introduction lists troublesome side effects of SSRIs, SNRIs and pregabalin, supporting the point that these medications have adverse effects. It does not say that the side effects of antidepressants and anxiolytics remain to be fully characterized. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • GAD and depression remain largely marginalized and frequently overlooked and undertreated in primary care, leading to poor treatment outcomes.

    “However, GAD and depression, along with associated mental disorders, remain largely marginalized and are frequently overlooked and undertreated in primary care, leading to poor treatment outcomes. Moreover, the adverse side‐effects of antidepressants and anti‐anxiety (anxiolytic) medications remain to be fully illustrated. 72 , 73 , 74”

    From Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [72]

    The Introduction (page not provided) says GAD is marginalized and neglected, that GAD patients frequently use primary care, and that many have an insufficient treatment response. It does not say that depression is marginalized or that either condition is frequently overlooked and undertreated specifically in primary care; it also does not establish that such undertreatment causes poor outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Maron, E., & Nutt, D.
Affiliations
  • North Estonia Medical Centre (EE)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Maron, Eduard
ORCID
Venue
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2017-06-30
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
147-158
ISSN
  • 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1958-5969
DOI
10.31887/dcns.2017.19.2/dnutt
PMC
PMC5573559
OpenAlex
W2953145637
Cited by
164
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
FWCI
8.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
generalized anxiety disorder, biomarkers, neuroimaging, genetic biomarkers, neurochemistry, pathogenesis, treatment response, differential diagnosis, anxiety disorders, mood disorders
MeSH terms
Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Biomarkers, Prevalence, Neuroimaging

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