The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A rapid dispersal of maize from the Great Plains to northeastern North America
Open accessAbstract
Northern Flint maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is a distinct landrace that was common throughout early historical northeastern North America. It is likely represented archaeologically as Eastern 8-row maize, the dominant form there after 1200 CE. Genetic analyses indicate that Northern Flint is most likely derived from maize in the American Southwest. Evidence for maize in the form of phytoliths and starch recovered from directly radiocarbon dated cooking residues occurs in the Northeast by 290 BCE. Until recently there has been no substantiated evidence for maize of similar or older age in the Great Plains, through which maize is likely to have dispersed from the Southwest. A recent report of early microbotanical evidence for maize from the central Plains allows Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon dates to estimate the amount of time that elapsed before maize spread from the Plains to the Northeast. Results indicate only a short amount of time elapsed, from a few to less than 170 years.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates
Bronk Ramsey, C. (2009) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033865 · Cited by 8,725
The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.41 · Cited by 7,900
A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping
Matsuoka, Y., Vigouroux, Y., Goodman, M. M., Jesús Sánchez, G., Buckler, E. S., & Doebley, J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.052125199 · Cited by 1,498
Methods for Summarizing Radiocarbon Datasets
Ramsey, C. B. (2017) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2017.108 · Cited by 1,179
Piperno, D. R., Ranere, A. J., Holst, I., Iriarte, J., & Dickau, R. E. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812525106 · Cited by 746
Dates as Data: An Examination of the Peruvian Preceramic Radiocarbon Record
Rick, J. W. (1987) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/281060 · Cited by 387
Population structure and genetic diversity of New World maize races assessed by DNA microsatellites
Vigouroux, Y., Glaubitz, J. C., Matsuoka, Y., Goodman, M. M., Jesús Sánchez, G., & Doebley, J. (2008) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.0800097 · Cited by 330
Camus‐Kulandaivelu, L., Veyrieras, J., Madur, D., Combes, V., Fourmann, M., Barraud, S., Dubreuil, P., Gouesnard, B., Manicacci, D., & Charcosset, A. (2006) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.105.048603 · Cited by 258
Genomic estimation of complex traits reveals ancient maize adaptation to temperate North America
Swarts, K., Gutaker, R. M., Benz, B. F., Blake, M., Bukowski, R., Holland, J. B., Kruse-Peeples, M., Lepak, N. K., Prim, L., Romay, M. C., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam9425 · Cited by 214
Stepwise cis-Regulatory Changes in ZCN8 Contribute to Maize Flowering-Time Adaptation
Guo, L., Wang, X., Zhao, M., Huang, C., Li, C., Li, D., Yang, C. J., York, A. M., Xue, W., Xu, G., et al. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.029 · Cited by 184
Multiple pathways to farming in precontact eastern North America
Fritz, G. J. (1990) · Journal of World Prehistory · doi:10.1007/bf00974813 · Cited by 114
Prehistorical record of cultural eutrophication from Crawford Lake, Canada
Ekdahl, E. J., Teranes, J. L., Guilderson, T. P., Turton, C. L., McAndrews, J. H., Wittkop, C. A., & Stoermer, E. F. (2004) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g20496.1 · Cited by 112
Human Dispersal and Species Movement
Boivin, N., Crassard, R., & Petraglia, M. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316686942 · Cited by 112
EXCEPTIONAL GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF NORTHERN FLINT CORN
Doebley, J., Goodman, O. M., & Stuber, C. W. (1986) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1986.tb09681.x · Cited by 94
Hart, J. P., Brumbach, H. J., & Lusteck, R. (2007) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/40035861 · Cited by 89
Self-citationHart, J. P., & Lovis, W. A. (2012) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-012-9062-9 · Cited by 87
Self-citationBrown, W. L., & Anderson, E. (1947) · Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden · doi:10.2307/2394437 · Cited by 78
Maize Agriculture Evolution in the Eastern Woodlands of North America: A Darwinian Perspective
Hart, J. P. (1999) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1023/a:1021969402125 · Cited by 77
Self-citationAccelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Dates Confirm Early Zea Mays in the Mississippi River Valley
Riley, T. J., Walz, G. R., Bareis, C. J., Fortier, A. C., & Parker, K. E. (1994) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/282461 · Cited by 71
Boyd, M., Varney, T. L., Surette, C., & Surette, J. (2008) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.008 · Cited by 68
REEVALUATING THE EVIDENCE FOR MIDDLE WOODLAND MAIZE FROM THE HOLDING SITE
Simon, M. L. (2017) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2016.2 · Cited by 46
A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States
Kelly, R. L., Mackie, M. E., Robinson, E., Meyer, J., Berry, M., Boulanger, M., Codding, B. F., Freeman, J., Garland, C. J., Gingerich, J., et al. (2022) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2021.157 · Cited by 42
Phytolith Evidence for the Early Presence of Maize in Southern Quebec
St-Pierre, C. G., & Thompson, R. G. (2015) · American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/0002-7316.80.2.408 · Cited by 28
Arca, M., Gouesnard, B., Mary‐Huard, T., Paslier, M. L., Bauland, C., Combes, V., Madur, D., Charcosset, A., & Nicolas, S. (2023) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.14022 · Cited by 27
EARLIEST MICROBOTANICAL EVIDENCE FOR MAIZE IN THE NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN
Albert, R. K., Kooiman, S. M., Clark, C. A., & Lovis, W. A. (2018) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2018.10 · Cited by 25
Choquette, N. E., Holland, J. B., Weldekidan, T., Drouault, J., de León, N., Flint-Garcia, S. A., Lauter, N., Murray, S. C., Xu, W., & Wisser, R. J. (2023) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.18769 · Cited by 23
Tracing the initial diffusion of maize in North America
Smith, B. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316686942.014 · Cited by 19
Simon, M. L., Hollenbach, K. D., & Redmond, B. G. (2021) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2020.117 · Cited by 18
Appearance of Cultigens in the Upper Ohio Valley: a View from Meadowcroft Rockshelter
Adovasio, J. M., Johnson, W. C., Cutler, H. C., & Blake, L. W. (1980) · Cited by 14
Early Maize ( Zea mays ) in the North American Central Plains: The Microbotanical Evidence
Adair, M. J., Duncan, N. A., Young, D. N., Bozarth, S. R., & Lusteck, R. (2022) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2021.152 · Cited by 10
Lesure, R. G., Sinensky, R. J., Schachner, G., Wake, T. A., & Bishop, K. J. (2021) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2021.23 · Cited by 8
Middle Ohio Valley Maize Histories: New Dates from the Crossroads of the Midcontinent
Comstock, A. R., & Cook, R. A. (2024) · American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/aaq.2023.103 · Cited by 6
ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY DATING OF MEADOWCROFT ROCKSHELTER MAIZE
Hart, J. P., & Adovasio, J. M. (2022) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2022.18 · Cited by 5
Self-citationTracing Maize History in Northern Iroquoia Through Radiocarbon Date Summed Probability Distributions
Hart, J. P. (2022) · Open Archaeology · doi:10.1515/opar-2022-0256 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPre-Contact Maize from Ontario, Canada
Crawford, G. W., Saunders, D., & Smith, D. G. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012369364-8/50292-8 · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerson, T. E., Hedman, K. M., & Simon, M. L. (2025) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-025-09699-4 · Cited by 1
Long-Term Population Dynamics Following Innovations in Food Production
Freeman, J., & Robinson, E. N. (2026) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-026-09770-8
Biotechnologies to improve phenolic biosynthesis in Zea mays L. leaves: Challenges and perspectives
Falcão, E. L., & da Silva, F. S. B. (2026) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-49142-9.00017-2
Metadata
- Authors
- Hart, J. P.
- Affiliations
- New York State Museum (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hart, John P.
- ORCID
- Hart, John P.
- Venue
- Quaternary Science Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-12
- Volume
- 345
- Pages
- 109049
- ISSN
- 0277-3791 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4403973485
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 2.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Quaternary Science Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Keywords
- maize, Great Plains, northeastern North America, southwestern United States, phytoliths, starch granules, cooking residues, radiocarbon chronology, Bayesian model, preadaptation, prehistoric agriculture, crop domestication
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
