Active dynamic windows for buildings: A review

Properties, requirements and possibilities of smart windows for dynamic daylight and solar energy control in buildings: A state-of-the-art review

Baetens, R., Jelle, B. P., & Gustavsen, A. (2009) · Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells · doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2009.08.021 · Cited by 1,322

Electrochromics for smart windows: Oxide-based thin films and devices

Granqvist, C. G. (2014) · Thin Solid Films · doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2014.02.002 · Cited by 1,088

Tunable near-infrared and visible-light transmittance in nanocrystal-in-glass composites

Llordés, A., Garcia, G., Gàzquez, J., & Milliron, D. J. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12398 · Cited by 930

13th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition

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Fenestration of today and tomorrow: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities

Jelle, B. P., Hynd, A., Gustavsen, A., Arasteh, D., Goudey, H., & Hart, R. (2011) · Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells · doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.010 · Cited by 554

A review of conventional, advanced, and smart glazing technologies and materials for improving indoor environment

Rezaei, S. D., Shannigrahi, S. R., & Ramakrishna, S. (2016) · Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells · doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2016.08.026 · Cited by 459

Metal-oxide films for electrochromic applications: present technology and future directions

Gillaspie, D. T., Tenent, R. C., & Dillon, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c0jm00604a · Cited by 397

Bio-inspired sensitive and reversible mechanochromisms via strain-dependent cracks and folds

Zeng, S., Zhang, D., Huang, W., Wang, Z., Freire, S. G., Yu, X., Smith, A. T., Huang, E. Y., Nguon, H., & Sun, L. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11802 · Cited by 281

Nanocomposite Architecture for Rapid, Spectrally-Selective Electrochromic Modulation of Solar Transmittance

Kim, J., Ong, G. K., Wang, Y., LeBlanc, G., Williams, T. E., Mattox, T. M., Helms, B. A., & Milliron, D. J. (2015) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02197 · Cited by 235

Electrochromic dynamic windows for office buildings

Sbar, N., Podbelski, L., Yang, H. M., & Pease, B. (2012) · International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2012.09.001 · Cited by 234

Influence of slat angle and low-emissive partitioning radiant energy veils on the thermal performance of multilayered windows for dynamic facades

Sadooghi, P., & Kherani, N. P. (2019) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.121 · Cited by 12

High-efficient smart windows enabled by self-forming fractal networks and electrophoresis of core-shell TiO2@SiO2 particles

Liu, S., Zhang, D., Peng, H., Jiang, Y., Gao, X., Zhou, G., Liu, J., Kempa, K., & Gao, J. (2020) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110657 · Cited by 12

Pathway to Zero Energy Windows: Advancing Technologies and Market Adoption

Harris, C. (2022) · doi:10.2172/1866581 · Cited by 12

Solar radiation on naturally ventilated double skin facade in real climates: The impact of solar incidence angle

Tao, Y., Huang, H., Fang, X. Z., Yan, Y., Tu, J. Y., & Shi, L. X. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.121124 · Cited by 11

Spectral analysis of the discoloration process in architectural electrochromic glass

Wen, J., & Meng, X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91183-w · Cited by 11

All‐Season Thermochromic Window With Customizable Optical Switching Temperature and Directional Thermal Radiation

Mo, S., & Gao, L. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202504208 · Cited by 11

Experimental investigation on ventilated window with reflective film and development of correlations

Ismail, K. A. R., do Lago, T. G. S., Lino, F. A. M., Mondlane, M. V., & Teles, M. P. R. (2021) · Solar Energy · doi:10.1016/j.solener.2021.10.061 · Cited by 11

A review and prospect on research progress of adjustable transparent envelope

Chen, Q., Huang, Y. J., Wu, H., Liang, X., & Ma, X. (2022) · Building Simulation · doi:10.1007/s12273-022-0944-6 · Cited by 11

Fabrication of mesogenic epoxy microsphere-filled negative-dielectric-anisotropy cholesteric liquid crystals for bistable devices

Zhang, H., Li, F., Zhang, R., Deng, Z., Ma, Y., He, Z., Fang, F., Miao, Z., & Shen, W. (2023) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122255 · Cited by 11

Electrochromic characteristics of porous nanosheet-structured nickel oxide films with cobalt and zinc dopants

Kim, K. H., Ishita, Y., & Abe, Y. (2021) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130755 · Cited by 11

Designing surface microstructure for improving energy efficiency of SiO2 glass window by infrared emission

Chen, X., & Gu, Y. (2023) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113838 · Cited by 10

High-transmittance, fast-response, colored smart windows based on lateral-driving electrophoretic display

Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Xiong, F., Zeng, D., Zhou, T., Shi, J., & Yang, B. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.154666 · Cited by 10

Comprehensive impact of two advanced thermotropic façades designs on building daylight and energy performance

Ming, Y., Jiang, F., Alkan, C., Yuan, Y., & Wu, Y. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115488 · Cited by 10

Evaluation of optimal thermo-optical properties for electrochromic windows in current and future climate scenarios: A multi-locations optimization

Carlucci, F., Cannavale, A., Campagna, L. M., & Fiorito, F. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115913 · Cited by 10

Recent Progress in Liquid Crystal-Based Smart Windows with Low Driving Voltage and High Contrast

Zhou, Y., & Li, G. (2025) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics12080819 · Cited by 12

International Energy Agency EBC Annex 80 - Resilient Cooling of Buildings - State of the Art Review

Zhengtao, A., Akander, J., Arens, E. A., Arghand, T., Attia, S., Bogatu, D., Bozonnet, E., Breesch, H., Cehlin, M., Chiesa, G., et al. (2022) · doi:10.52776/coxk4763 · Cited by 15

Mimosa Kinetic Façade: Bio-Inspired Ventilation Leveraging the Mimosa Pudica Mechanism for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality

Sankaewthong, S., Miyata, K., Horanont, T., Xie, H., & Karnjana, J. (2023) · Biomimetics · doi:10.3390/biomimetics8080603 · Cited by 11

Electrochromic glazing for energy efficient buildings

Granqvist, C. G. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102641-0.00020-7 · Cited by 10

Electrochromic Device Composed of a Di-Urethanesil Electrolyte Incorporating Lithium Triflate and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride

Gonçalves, M. C., Pereira, R. F. P., Alves, R., Nunes, S. C., Fernandes, M. S. P., Gonçalves, H. M. R., Pereira, S., Silva, M. M. P., Fortunato, E. M. C., Rego, R., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2020.00139 · Cited by 10

Photoelectrochromic Devices with Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency

Dokouzis, A., Zoi, D., & Leftheriotis, G. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13112565 · Cited by 10

Photochromic dyes

Towns, A. D. (2021) · Physical Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1515/psr-2020-0191 · Cited by 10

Investigating the impact of electrochromic glazing on energy performance in hot arid climate using parametric design

Lahmar, I., Zemmouri, N., Cannavale, A., & Martellotta, F. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/609/6/062027 · Cited by 10

Highly Transparent Photochromic Coating with Excellent Dimming Capability Based on B─O─W Coordination Bonding Strategy

Tian, Y., Xin, X., Ju, H., Li, Z., Liu, M., & Fu, G. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202513064 · Cited by 9

Advanced construction materials

Casini, M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821797-9.00005-2 · Cited by 10

Grating optical filters for smart windows: Materials, calculations and prospects

Сабирович, З. Р. (2020) · AIMS Materials Science · doi:10.3934/matersci.2020.6.720 · Cited by 9

Oxygen‐Doped PAH Electrochromes: Difurano, Dipyrano, and Furano‐Pyrano Containing Naphthalene‐Cored Molecules

Fletcher‐Charles, J., Ferreira, R. R., Abraham, M., Romito, D., Oppel, M., González, L., & Bonifazi, D. (2021) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.202101166 · Cited by 9

Color tunable vanadium dioxide/fluorescent organic small molecule two-layer composite films with thermochromic property

Gao, Y., Qin, C., Nie, Y., Wang, C., Xu, H., Wang, B., Miao, J., & Jiang, X. (2021) · Thin Solid Films · doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2021.138861 · Cited by 9

Effect of glass salt deposition on indoor environment and building energy performance in salt-fog climate

Mao, H., Meng, Q., & Wang, J. (2024) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112236 · Cited by 8

Optimal Window to Wall Ratio Ranges of Photovoltachromic Windows in High-Rise Office Buildings of Iran

Fathi, S., & Kavoosi, A. (2021) · Journal of Daylighting · doi:10.15627/jd.2021.10 · Cited by 8

Facile Preparation of a Low-Cost Liquid Interlayer Material with Intelligent UV–NIR-Shielding Function for Smart Windows

Wang, M., Liang, S., Zhao, S., Gao, W. Q., & Li, Z. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c10909 · Cited by 8

Nano aerogel windows and glazing units for buildings' energy efficiency

Mujeebu, M. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102641-0.00018-9 · Cited by 8

Solar spectral management with electrochromic devices including PMMA films doped with biluminescent ionosilicas

Cardoso, M. A., Correia, S. F. H., Gonçalves, H. M. R., Pereira, R. F. P., Pereira, S., Maria, T. M. R., Silva, M. M. P., Valente, A. J. M., Fortunato, E. M. C., Ferreira, R. A. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10971-021-05612-z · Cited by 8

Electrochromic window integration in adaptive building envelopes in different climates: a genetic optimization of switchable glazing parameters to reduce energy consumptions in office buildings

Carlucci, F., Cannavale, A., & Fiorito, F. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012131 · Cited by 8

Paraffin particle dispersion costabilized by W-doped VO2 nanoparticles and chitosan for the fabrication of functional nanocellulose film

Wu, Y., Liu, W., Song, Z., Yu, D., Li, G., Liu, X., & Wang, H. (2022) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154519 · Cited by 8

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF WINDOW SYSTEMS: A REVIEW

Sadko, K., & Piotrowski, J. Z. (2022) · Structure and Environment · doi:10.30540/sae-2022-015 · Cited by 8

Effect of Smart Glazing Window on Energy Consumption inside Office Building

Nageib, A. M., El-Zafarany, A. M., Mohamed, F. O., & Elhefnawy, M. H. (2020) · Materials science forum · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1008.72 · Cited by 8

Architectural Glass Solar and Thermal Control Coating Technologies

Berardi, U., & Khaled, K. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90386-8.00075-9 · Cited by 9

Advanced passive technologies for double-glazed windows daylight and solar control and their performance investigation: A review

Ming, Y., & Wu, Y. (2024) · Journal of Building Physics · doi:10.1177/17442591241289580 · Cited by 7

Electrochromic glazing with nanocoating integration impact on building energy efficiency: Bibliometric analysis (1983–2023)

Aldawoud, A., Husein, L. A., & Mushtaha, E. S. N. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115300 · Cited by 7

Advancements in energy-active window systems: A comprehensive review

Mahdi, S. Y., Mohammed, M. A., & Budaiwi, I. M. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115405 · Cited by 7

Digital twin and AI-driven smart adaptive walls for energy, comfort and carbon optimization in intelligent green buildings

Abuhussain, M. A. (2026) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2026.140990 · Cited by 7

Portable Photovoltaic-Self-Powered Flexible Electrochromic Windows for Adaptive Envelopes

Cánovas-Saura, A., Ruiz, R., López-Vicente, R., Abad, J. A., Urbina, A., & Padilla, J. (2021) · Electronic Materials · doi:10.3390/electronicmat2020014 · Cited by 7

Transparent thermochromic VO2/PAN nanocomposite films prepared by electrospinning-hot pressing technique

Che, P., Li, C., Xie, B., & Wang, N. (2023) · Thermal Science and Engineering Progress · doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102334 · Cited by 7

Durability Enhancement of All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices by Adjusting the Charge Density Ratio between Electrochromic and Counter Electrode Layers

Shin, M., Lee, J. H., Seo, I., Kang, H., Seo, J., Jin, H. J., Kim, B. H., Tenent, R. C., & Han, S. H. (2024) · Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells · doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2024.112901 · Cited by 7

Experimental evaluation study of the comfort and energy performance of suspended particle device smart windows in a residential building: Achieving optimal control during the cooling season

Lee, S., Choi, S., & Song, S. (2024) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111176 · Cited by 7

Taxonomical Investigation of Self-Sufficient Kinetic Building Envelopes

Cattaruzzi, J., & Gaspari, J. (2021) · Journal of Architectural Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000504 · Cited by 7

Promising thermal photonic management materials for sustainable human habitat

Yao, H., Liao, Q., Cheng, H., & Qu, L. (2023) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-023-5916-3 · Cited by 7

Numerical simulation on year-round performance of water-flow window with different shading control modes

Li, C., Tan, J., Tan, J., Li, C., Yang, Y., & Zeng, F. (2020) · Building Services Engineering Research and Technology · doi:10.1177/0143624420970397 · Cited by 7

Near-Ambient Nanocomposite Thermochromic Fenestration Elements from Post-Encapsulation-Annealed Tungsten-Alloyed Vanadium(IV) Oxide Nanocrystals

Cool, N. I., Sellers, D. G., Al‐Hashimi, M., & Banerjee, S. (2022) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c00249 · Cited by 7

A Metasurface Glass for Energy Saving and 5G Mobile Communication Signal Enhancement

Zheng, J., Zheng, H., Pang, Y., Qu, B., & Xu, Z. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202408598 · Cited by 6

Economic impact and policy implications of emerging materials in green building certification in U.S. buildings: A comprehensive review

Lal, R., & Silva, M. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116238 · Cited by 6

Advances in hydrogel-based materials for improving building energy efficiency

Zou, W., Wu, W., Mo, J., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.116303 · Cited by 6

Sol-Gel Derived Di-Ureasil Based Ormolytes for Electrochromic Devices

Nunes, P. J., Pereira, R. F. P., Pereira, S., Silva, M. M. P., Fortunato, E. M. C., Bermudez, V. D. Z., & Fernandes, M. S. P. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16010426 · Cited by 6

Literature Review On Smart Windows In Terms Of Daylight Performance, Visual Comfort and Human Perception

Coğul, I. Ç., & Kazanasmaz, Z. T. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) · doi:10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope57605.2023.10194862 · Cited by 6

Silver nanoparticles incorporated polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite film as hydrophobic infrared filters

Calolsa, R. S., Sumangala, T. P., Kalpathy, S. K., Thomas, T., Kahaly, M. U., & Rahaman, A. (2024) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.6511 · Cited by 6

A flexible colored polymer-dispersed liquid crystal smart windows with excellent near-infrared shielding performance

Wu, J., Li, J., Huang, J., Song, W., & Tan, R. (2024) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-024-10129-1 · Cited by 6

Thermal rectifiers: Physical mechanisms and potential applications in buildings

Zhang, H., Wu, Y., Shi, T., Wang, Q., Wang, C., Chen, Q., & Ming, T. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.115165 · Cited by 5

Effect of CuS:WO3 ratio on the Photochromic properties of CuS-WO3 film

Junsukhon, A., & Ngaotrakanwiwat, P. (2019) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.212 · Cited by 6

Modeling, Simulation, and Performance Analysis of a Liquid-Infill Tunable Window

Wang, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., & Li, C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142315968 · Cited by 6

The Potential of Static and Thermochromic Window Films for Energy Efficient Building Renovations

Kragt, S., van den Ham, E. R., Sentjens, H., Schenning, A. P. H. J., & Klein, T. (2022) · Journal of Facade Design and Engineering · doi:10.47982/jfde.2022.powerskin.6 · Cited by 6

Photochromic safety-glass based on polyurethane interlayer film blend with perovskite quantum dot

Zhan, S., Yang, J., Bo, Y., Ding, W., Sun, Z., Liu, H., Wang, S., & Zhang, M. (2023) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106015 · Cited by 6

NIR‐emitting Electrochromic Windows for Cold Climate Region Buildings

Pinheiro, D., Fernandes, M. S. P., Pereira, R. F. P., Pereira, S., Correia, S. F. H., Silva, M. M. P., Fortunato, E. M. C., Ferreira, R. A. S., Gonçalves, M. C., & Bermudez, V. D. Z. (2023) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.202300479 · Cited by 6

Energy Performance Analysis and Study of an Office Building in an Extremely Hot and Cold Region

Liu, Y., Wang, W., Huang, Y., Song, J., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16020572 · Cited by 6

Prediction and Optimization Analysis of the Performance of an Office Building in an Extremely Hot and Cold Region

Liu, Y., Wang, W., & Huang, Y. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16104268 · Cited by 6

Assessment of thermal performance of energy-active window systems in hot climates

Magzoub, M., Mohammed, M. A., Budaiwi, I. M., & Al‐Homoud, M. S. (2024) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114473 · Cited by 6

Sol-gel materials for smart electrochromic devices

Fernandes, M. S. P., & Bermudez, V. D. Z. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819718-9.00016-9 · Cited by 6

High optical contrast and radiant heat blocking properties of hierarchically structured electrodes for electrochromic windows

Yang, S., Yang, J.-H., Chen, Z.-Y., & Ho, C.-C. (2021) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160762 · Cited by 6

Design of cobalt phosphate/nickel phosphate films with improved electrochromic performance

Chi, X., Chen, D., Wang, T., & Jiao, X. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d4tc01221f · Cited by 5

Designing Multisensory Biophilic Futures: Exploring the Potential of Interaction Design to Deepen Human Connections With Nature in Indoor Environments

Rao, S., Good, J., & Alavi, H. S. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715336.3735781 · Cited by 5

Investigating the Effect of Distance Between Windows and Floor on Energy Losses in Residential Building Façades by Using Design Builder

Bahri, S. Y., Alier, M., & Riera, A. S. (2024) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49787-2_35 · Cited by 5

Tuning the morphology and electro-optical properties of reverse mode PDLCs using multifunctional acrylates

Baratta, M., Nezhdanov, A. V., Машин, А. И., Nicoletta, F. P., & Filpo, G. D. (2024) · Liquid Crystals · doi:10.1080/02678292.2024.2388276 · Cited by 5

Scientometric mapping of global research on the environmental performance of existing buildings: Advancements, challenges and prospects

Guo, P., Zhu, J., Wang, J., & Duan, P. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144774 · Cited by 5

Performance and economic analysis of a Bimetal Automatic Light Adjusting Device- Comparative studies

Li, Z., Chang, J., Zhang, S., Zhao, Y., & Gao, J. (2020) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101678 · Cited by 5

Holistic building design approach

Casini, M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821797-9.00001-5 · Cited by 5

Sun-Fi: Architecting Glass for Sunlight Data Transmission

Ammar, S., Amin, O., Alouini, M., & Shihada, B. (2023) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.002.2200603 · Cited by 5

Bioclimatic design recommendations for novel cluster analysis-based mapping for humid climates with altitudinal gradient variations

Mejía-Parada, C., Mora-Ruiz, V., & Attia, S. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108262 · Cited by 5

Contribution of advanced windows and façades to buildings decarbonization: A comprehensive review

Ismail, K. A. R., Lino, F. A. M., Henríquez, J. R., Teggar, M., Laouer, A., Salinas, C. T., & Rodríguez, D. (2024) · European Journal of Sustainable Development Research · doi:10.29333/ejosdr/14580 · Cited by 5

Fundamental Issues in the Qualification of Smart and Intelligence in Building Materials Discourse: A Systematic Review

Ikechukwu, O., Long, Z., Lee, D. H., Zhang, X., Zhang, W., & Moses, O. (2021) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings11110558 · Cited by 7

Chemical redox-induced chiroptical switching of supramolecular assemblies of viologens

Kuwahara, Y., Ito, M., Iwamoto, T., Takafuji, M., Ihara, H., Ryu, N., & Mani, T. (2022) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d1ra08984f · Cited by 5

Neutral color and self-healable electrochromic system based on CuI/Cu and $${{\rm{I}}_3}^ - /{{\rm{I}}^ - }$$ conversions

Zhong, J., Huang, B., Yang, K., Ma, Z., Du, L., Luo, N., Tang, F., Hou, C., Jiang, F., & Kang, L. (2023) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-023-6322-6 · Cited by 7

Optical Wireless Communications: Illuminating the Path for Cooper’s Law

Eltokhey, M. W., Bashir, M. S., Younus, O. I., Ghassemlooy, Z. F., Haas, H., Karagiannidis, G. K., Teli, S. R., Zvánovec, S., Khalighi, M., Zhang, Z. C., et al. (2026) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3699489 · Cited by 5

ENHANCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN EGYPT WITHIN ADAPTIVE FACADE TECHNIQUES

Helmi, N., Faggal, A. A., & Nessim, A. A. I. (2024) · Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector · doi:10.21608/auej.2023.243338.1449 · Cited by 5

Energy‐efficient thermally smart windows with tunable properties across the near‐ and mid‐infrared ranges

Legendre, J., & Papadakis, G. T. (2025) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2025-0219 · Cited by 4

The Effects of Window Geometry Parameters on Indoor Thermal and Visual Comfort of Thermochromic Windows in Office Building

Yang, C., He, Y., Chen, Y., & Li, N. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15213963 · Cited by 4

Akıllı Camlar ve Teknolojik Gelişimleri

Aciksari, C., & Karasu, B. (2018) · El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi · doi:10.31202/ecjse.397717 · Cited by 4

Economic and Energy Analysis of the Operation of Windows in Residential Buildings in Poland

Kowalczyk, Z., & TOMASIK, M. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16196810 · Cited by 4

The Impact of Using Smart Windows Technique in Reducing Energy Consumption and Improving Building Performance in the Office Building

Khalifa, A., Nour, W. A., & Elghamry, R. (2023) · Journal of Engineering Research - Egypt/Journal of Engineering Research · doi:10.21608/erjeng.2023.323547 · Cited by 4

Alternative construction materials: a point of view on energy reduction and indoor comfort parameters

Awoyera, P. O., Effiong, J. U., Nagaraju, V., Haque, M. A., Mydin, M. A. O., & Onyelowe, K. C. (2024) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-024-00655-y · Cited by 8

Smartness in the Built Environment: Smart Buildings and Smart Cities

Atta, N. (2021) · SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62594-8_2 · Cited by 4

Novel system using hydrogel with reduced graphite oxide particles as active layer for potential application in smart window

Soares, I. T., de Araujo, J. R., Monteiro, S. N., & Marques, M. D. F. V. (2022) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.12.057 · Cited by 4

Materiais transparentes e translúcidos inovadores em fachadas e seu desempenho em iluminação natural: panorama internacional e aplicabilidade no contexto brasileiro

Costa, J. F. W., & Amorim, C. N. D. (2022) · Ambiente Construído · doi:10.1590/s1678-86212022000400635 · Cited by 4

Programmable Particle Assembly in Composite Through Controlled Charge Injection

Zeng, J., Wu, J., Gao, G., Zhou, Y., Wang, Q., & Zheng, H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2024.3394152 · Cited by 3

All-flexible self-cleaning hydrogel smart window with multifunctionality based on an electro-thermal manipulator

Chen, C., Guo, S., Zhang, L., Liu, B., Lao, Z., Li, S., Hu, Y., & Wu, D. Q. (2025) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/ae00fe · Cited by 3

Performance of different dual-band electrochromic glazing types in Chinese climates: energy consumption and visual comfort

Liu, X., Huang, C., Sun, Y., Li, X., Wang, W., Yan, Y., & Wei, W. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116870 · Cited by 3

POLarizer-FENestration (POLFEN) a novel concept of a glazing technology to modulate daylighting and glare in buildings

Kota, S., & Haberl, J. S. (2024) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111748 · Cited by 3

Ink-jet-printed semiconductor electrochromic nanoparticles: Development and applications in electrochromism

Moreira, T. J., Maia, M., Parola, A. J., Zangoli, M., Maria, F. D., & Laia, C. A. T. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819718-9.00021-2 · Cited by 3

Transparent Envelope

Stazi, F. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816921-6.00001-9 · Cited by 3

Electrochromic Glazing and Evaluation of Visual and Non-Visual Effects of Daylight: Simulation Studies for Brasilia – Brazil

Costa, J. F. W., Amorim, C. N. D., & Silva, J. C. R. (2024) · Journal of Daylighting · doi:10.15627/jd.2024.1 · Cited by 3

Enhancing indoor light and thermal performance with micro-prismatic materials for complex fenestration systems: A review

Guo, X., Tian, Z., Zhao, Y., Geisler‐Moroder, D., & Hauer, M. (2024) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115002 · Cited by 3

Influence of metallo-dielectric optical properties on thermal resistance and solar heat gain coefficient of multi-pane glazing systems in hot and cold climates

Sadooghi, P., & Kherani, N. P. (2021) · Architectural Engineering and Design Management · doi:10.1080/17452007.2021.2009434 · Cited by 3

Dynamic glazing

Casini, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100635-1.00009-5 · Cited by 4

Smart windows for energy efficiency of buildings

Casini, M. (2014) · IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) · doi:10.15224/978-1-63248-030-9-56 · Cited by 77

Performance criteria for dynamic window systems using nanostructured behaviors for energy harvesting and environmental comfort

Andow, B. C., Krietemeyer, B., Stark, P. R. H., & Dyson, A. H. (2013) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2012262 · Cited by 6

Dynamic Glazing With Higher Thermal and Optical Performance for Zero Energy Building Design

Gonzalo, F. D. A., Zannoni, A. L., Santamaria, B. M., & Ramos, J. A. H. (2022) · Advances in environmental engineering and green technologies book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-4030-8.ch003

USING SMART MATERIALS IN SMART WINDOWS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS

Abdelmoneim, A., & Abdelkader, M. (2022) · Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector · doi:10.21608/auej.2022.216822 · Cited by 5