The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, and development stages: Some evidence from panel cointegration analysis
Abstract
Renewable energy consumption has been promoted to mitigate climate change problems under various schemes, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. A country's choice of energy resources depends on the balancing of economic growth and environmental degradation, which will be closely related to its development stage. This study examines how the relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions is associated with the development stage by applying a panel cointegration analysis to 107 countries during the period from 1990 to 2013. The analysis shows the clear differences between the groups of low- and high-income countries. For low-income countries, renewable energy consumption is positively and negatively associated with carbon emissions and output, respectively. However, for high-income countries, renewable energy consumption is negatively and positively associated with carbon emissions and output, respectively. These results have important implications for policymakers, since the discrepancies in these relationships mean that a country's renewable energy policies should be highly compatible with its development stage.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing
Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913236 · Cited by 32,007
Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root
Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1979.10482531 · Cited by 23,211
Testing for a unit root in time series regression
PHILLIPS, P. C. B., & PERRON, P. (1988) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/75.2.335 · Cited by 19,155
Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels
Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s0304-4076(03)00092-7 · Cited by 15,435
Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties
Levin, A., Lin, C.-F., & James Chu, C.-S. (2002) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s0304-4076(01)00098-7 · Cited by 12,849
Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement
Grossman, G., & Krueger, A. (1991) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w3914 · Cited by 7,595
A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test
Maddala, G. S., & Wu, S. (1999) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1631 · Cited by 7,460
Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors
Pedroni, P. (1999) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/1468-0084.61.s1.14 · Cited by 6,726
Pedroni, P. (2004) · Econometric Theory · doi:10.1017/s0266466604203073 · Cited by 6,669
Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data
Kao, C. (1999) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s0304-4076(98)00023-2 · Cited by 5,763
Cited by
Energy structure, digital economy, and carbon emissions: evidence from China
Li, Y., Yang, X., Ran, Q., Wu, H., Irfan, M., & Ahmad, M. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15304-4 · Cited by 593
Murshed, M. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09497-3 · Cited by 450
Yao, S., Zhang, S., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.069 · Cited by 384
Uzar, U. (2020) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.172 · Cited by 371
Khezri, M., Heshmati, A., & Khodaei, M. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117948 · Cited by 268
Metadata
- Authors
- Nguyen, K. H., & Kakinaka, M.
- Venue
- Renewable Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 132
- Pages
- 1049-1057
- ISSN
- 0960-1481 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2888595783
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 66.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, and development stages: Some evidence from panel cointegration analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.069
- The paper
- Nguyen, K. H., & Kakinaka, M. (2019). Renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, and development stages: Some evidence from panel cointegration analysis. Renewable Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.069
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.