The DOI matches its Crossref record; 181 of the 181 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Greenwashing prevention in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures: A bibliometric analysis
Open accessAbstract
The accuracy and reliability of environmental, social, and governance (hereafter ESG) reporting are threatened by the presence of greenwashing which affects the quality of disclosure, complicates the decision-making process, adversely influences financial markets, and affects stakeholders’ trust in disclosed information. This study examines the academic literature on ESG disclosure and greenwashing prevention through a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review. Our findings show that greenwashing is a complex phenomenon characterised by various forms, shapes, and levels, making it challenging to detect, measure, and develop prevention tools. The results show a growing trend in the academic literature on greenwashing with a strong focus on the establishment of greenwashing detection measures and the need for the creation of greenwashing prevention tools to ensure the reliability, comparability, and quality of corporate sustainability reporting. Understanding the challenges of greenwashing in ESG disclosures and the efforts toward greenwashing prevention carries significant implications for regulators and standard-setters, supervisory bodies, professional organizations, companies, researchers, and other stakeholders, especially in light of recent regulatory developments around the globe and the new forms and levels of greenwashing evolving in scientific research. • Greenwashing prevention in ESG disclosures analysed through a bibliometric analysis. • Performance, network, and systematic literature review analysis methods applied. • Greenwashing measurement is difficult as it has lots of levels, forms, and shades. • Greenwashing measurement methods at various greenwashing levels are systemized. • The creation of a credible greenwashing prevention tool in ESG disclosure is needed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In this context, ESG integration improves more comprehensive, consistent, and accurate disclosure of information, which directly enhances corporate transparency, market reputation, and investor confidence, yet it simultaneously increases the risk of symbolic adoption and greenwashing when sustainability commitments are decoupled from substantive organizational change [19,20].”
From Artificial Intelligence in Managerial Decision-Making for Sustainable Business Models: A Systematic Literature Review (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“In this context, ESG integration improves more comprehensive, consistent, and accurate disclosure of information, which directly enhances corporate transparency, market reputation, and investor confidence, yet it simultaneously increases the risk of symbolic adoption and greenwashing when sustainability commitments are decoupled from substantive organizational change [19,20].”
From Artificial Intelligence in Managerial Decision-Making for Sustainable Business Models: A Systematic Literature Review (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
Cites
Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.
Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 · Cited by 26,092
bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017) · Journal of Informetrics · doi:10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007 · Cited by 16,064
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4 · Cited by 13,874
Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing
Marquis, C., Toffel, M. W., & Zhou, Y. (2016) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2015.1039 · Cited by 1,680
The Means and End of Greenwash
Lyon, T. P., & Montgomery, A. W. (2015) · Organization & Environment · doi:10.1177/1086026615575332 · Cited by 1,636
Greenwashing in environmental, social and governance disclosures
Yu, E. P., Luu, B. V., & Chen, C. H. (2020) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101192 · Cited by 1,230
Parguel, B., Benoît-Moreau, F., & Larceneux, F. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0901-2 · Cited by 1,024
A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS
van Eck, N. J., Waltman, L., Dekker, R., & van den Berg, J. (2010) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.21421 · Cited by 976
Greenwash vs. Brownwash: Exaggeration and Undue Modesty in Corporate Sustainability Disclosure
Kim, E.-H., & Lyon, T. P. (2015) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2014.0949 · Cited by 932
Corporate social responsibility in the banking industry: Motives and financial performance
Wu, M., & Shen, C. (2013) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.04.023 · Cited by 873
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Amin, 2022, Corporate social responsibility disclosure on Twitter: signalling or greenwashing? Evidence from the UK, Int. J. Financ. Econ., 1
- Blandini, 2022, Greenwashing-related risks: analysis and future perspectives to tackle environmentalism as as form of virtue-signaling, Law Econ. Yrly. Rev., 11, 229
- Contreras-Pacheco, 2020, Transgressing CSR on the organizational value chain, How Nat. Resour. Co. Greenwash Their Process. UIS Ing., 19, 215
- Lukas, 2024, Shiw me the green: the battle for investor trust in ESG funds, Duke Law J., 73, 1339
- de Oliveira Silva Ramalho, 2024, Bibliometric study of scientific production on greenwashing, Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient., 18
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Battisti, E., Bo, S., Petruzzella, F., & Salvi, A. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70000 · Cited by 35
Janik, A., & Ryszko, A. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18010017 · Cited by 28
Can artificial intelligence curb greenwashing? Firm-level evidence based on large language model
He, L., & Wang, L. (2025) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108954 · Cited by 31
Wu, Z., Long, S., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126395 · Cited by 21
Clarifying CSR and ESG: Causes of conflation, consequences, and pathways to conceptual clarity
Seow, R. Y. C. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127468 · Cited by 21
Krasteva-Hristova, R., Papradanova, D., & Вечев, В. (2025) · Journal of risk and financial management · doi:10.3390/jrfm18080416 · Cited by 14
Seow, R. Y. C. (2025) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.70045 · Cited by 18
Uncovering Greenwashing: Investigating Impression Management Gap in Corporate Reporting
Šneiderienė, A., & Legenzova, R. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17188342 · Cited by 17
Self-citationA Framework for Mitigating Greenwashing in Sustainability Reporting
Šneiderienė, A., & Legenzova, R. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18010524 · Cited by 18
Self-citationZeren, F., Doğan, M., & Eryılmaz, S. (2025) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.70246 · Cited by 9
Pham, B. A., & Huynh, T. H. (2025) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-07-2025-0471 · Cited by 9
Beyond greenwashing: how circular economy metrics could revolutionize ESG investing
Munonye, W. C., & Munonye, D. I. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2025.1588374 · Cited by 9
ESG in the shipping industry: a literature review
Andrikopoulos, A. A. (2025) · Corporate Governance · doi:10.1108/cg-05-2024-0264 · Cited by 8
Urbanovič, M., & Holubčík, M. (2026) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems14030245 · Cited by 9
Cherono, V., Miah, M. T., Rudnák, I., & Szűcs, C. (2025) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci15050173 · Cited by 14
Wang, M., Zhang, Y., & Gong, X. (2025) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2025.104409 · Cited by 9
Financial mechanisms for advancing environmental sustainability: a comprehensive review
Raihan, A., & Sarker, T. (2026) · Green Technology Resilience and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s44173-026-00029-9 · Cited by 7
Ren, S., & Wu, J. (2026) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148111 · Cited by 7
Qi, X., Xiao, G., & Xu, L. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18125891 · Cited by 7
Garefalakis, S., Katsougri, M., Angelaki, E., Spinthiropoulos, K. G., & Garefalakis, A. E. (2025) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci15100401 · Cited by 6
Raghu Raman, R., Das, P., Nedungadi, P., & Dávid, L. D. (2025) · Equilibrium Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy · doi:10.24136/eq.3691 · Cited by 6
Beyond the façade: a critical examination of corporate social responsibility strategic uses
Awashreh, R. A. (2026) · Social Responsibility Journal · doi:10.1108/srj-09-2025-0951 · Cited by 6
Mandatory ESG disclosure and greenwashing: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China
Tan, Y., Qi, L., Chen, G., Hang, N. I., & Wu, L. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2026.2633736 · Cited by 6
Social bonds: Proceeds’ investment and social premium
Baldi, F., & Ferri, G. (2025) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.102909 · Cited by 5
Zhang, H., Li, X.-W., & Zhu, J.-L. (2025) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114021 · Cited by 6
The Role of Social Media in Exposing Greenwashing: Consumer Sentiments and Discussions
Salimi, M., Tuscolano, F., Niininen, O., & Uusitalo, O. (2025) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.70294 · Cited by 5
Environmental claims, climate promises, and ‘greenwashing’ by meat and dairy companies
Bach, M., Loy, L., Mach, K. J., McDermid, S., & Jacquet, J. (2026) · PLOS Climate · doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000773 · Cited by 6
Consumer Perceptions of Greenwashing in Local Agri-Food Systems and Rural Tourism
Grīnberga-Zālīte, G., Furmanova, K., Zeverte-Rivza, S., Paula, L., & Kindzule-Millere, I. (2025) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture15191997 · Cited by 5
Ramírez-Guerrero, G., Enríquez, A. F., Garrido, M. A., & Ruiz, J. A. C. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp6030136 · Cited by 5
Impact of banks’ ESG disclosure assurance on borrowers’ ESG performance: Evidence from China
Huang, H., Tang, L., & Zhao, L. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.cjpre.2025.07.005 · Cited by 4
Alshahrani, A., & Hakim, T. S. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18031349 · Cited by 6
Mata, F., & Marques, M. R. (2026) · World · doi:10.3390/world7030048 · Cited by 8
The Rise of ESG in Emerging Economies: A Systematic Mapping of ASEAN's Sustainability Trajectory
Seow, R. Y. C., & Chua, J. T. (2026) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.70108 · Cited by 4
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Hu, Z., Zeng, Y., Dong, X., Lu, X., Peng, J., Zhu, M., & Li, X. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13070495 · Cited by 5
Cheng, W., Yu, J., Wang, S., Yan, W., Nah, K., & Gong, J. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18010285 · Cited by 4
Truong, D. D., Mai, N. T., Tam, D. D., & Huan, L. H. (2026) · Cleaner and Responsible Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.clrc.2026.100425 · Cited by 3
Telukdarie, A., Nyathi, M. H. L., & Fabchi, R. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2026.1793155 · Cited by 6
From contagion to containment: A review of systemic financial risk and regulatory governance
Li, S. (2025) · Journal of Governance and Regulation · doi:10.22495/jgrv14i4siart11 · Cited by 6
Electricity-Related Emissions Factors in Carbon Footprinting—The Case of Poland
Lewandowska, A., Joachimiak-Lechman, K., Baran, J., & Kulczycka, J. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18154092 · Cited by 2
Luxton, S. J., Dorrough, J. W., Eldridge, D. J., Furlaud, J. M., Richards, A. E., Szetey, K., Taws, N., Williams, K. J., & Prober, S. M. (2025) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.70164 · Cited by 2
Silva, A., Proença, C., Dantas, D., & Neves, M. E. (2026) · Social Responsibility Journal · doi:10.1108/srj-05-2025-0499 · Cited by 2
The illusion of AI: how AI washing impedes green technology innovation
Xu, Z., Zhou, J., Yuan, G., & Zang, S. (2026) · Applied Economics Letters · doi:10.1080/13504851.2026.2648742 · Cited by 2
Zhao, Q., Zhang, J., Sun, X., Ma, J., & Wang, G. (2026) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148147 · Cited by 2
Li, Y., & Shi, S. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18115263 · Cited by 2
Nicolodi, A., Paterlini, S., Gentile, M., Manzillo, V. F., & Vittorioso, G. (2026) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.70733 · Cited by 2
When green claims backfire: How consumer distrust fuels boycotts against greenwashers
Szymkowiak, A., Antoniak, M. A., & Konuk, F. A. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.104946 · Cited by 2
The role of greenwashing scandals on investors’ herding behavior
Shakourloo, A., & Azimli, A. (2025) · Journal of Economics and Finance · doi:10.1007/s12197-025-09725-x · Cited by 2
Kim, D.-H., & Kim, J. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17198930 · Cited by 3
Greenwashing Alert System for EU Green Bonds. The CONSOB-University of Trento PrototypePreprint
Paterlini, S., Nicolodi, A., Gentile, M., Manzillo, V. F., Sancilio, M. R., & Deriu, P. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5379964 · Cited by 2
Legal Framework in Turkiye within the Scope of Transition from Greenwashing to Green Trust
Başar, A. B., & Selimoğlu, S. K. (2025) · Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi · doi:10.25095/mufad.1763631 · Cited by 1
Rois, I., Huzaini, M., & Jufri, A. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp6050224 · Cited by 1
Ai, X., Meng, Q. F., Li, Z., & Chong, H. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-025-06949-6 · Cited by 7
Bond Market Liberalization and Corporate ESG Performance: Evidence From Bond Connect
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Miu, B., & Long, Y. (2025) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/ecpo.70026 · Cited by 1
The Role of Financial Development in ESG Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis
Bogari, A. (2026) · International Journal of Economic Sciences · doi:10.31181/ijes1512026249 · Cited by 1
Zain, F. A. M., & Hassan, M. F. (2026) · International Journal of Ethics and Systems · doi:10.1108/ijoes-09-2025-0524 · Cited by 1
Wang, X., Zhao, J., & Liu, H. (2026) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-026-06296-7 · Cited by 1
Ok, Ş. (2026) · 3 SEKTÖR SOSYAL EKONOMİ DERGİSİ · doi:10.63556/tisej.2026.1775 · Cited by 1
Between green gains and growing pains: a systematic review of ESG initiatives and firm outcomes
Pratoomsuwan, T., Tan, H. T., & Wattanacharoensil, W. (2026) · Meditari Accountancy Research · doi:10.1108/medar-10-2025-3356 · Cited by 1
Corporate Strategies and Youth Perception of Sustainability Commitment
Ghorafi, F. E. G. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18084021 · Cited by 1
Cahyono, S., Ardianto, A., & Djajadikerta, H. G. (2026) · Business Strategy & Development · doi:10.1002/bsd2.70323 · Cited by 1
Yang, T., Heng, T. B., Hui, K. J., & Tao, Z. (2026) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.37497/eaglesustainable.v16i.677 · Cited by 1
Beyond green talk: the strategic role of sustainability committees in revealing real action on SDGs
Susbiyani, A., Satoto, E. B., & Animah, A. (2026) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2026.2679790 · Cited by 1
Zhu, Z., & Zhao, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1818352 · Cited by 1
Silvia, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2026.1786642 · Cited by 2
From words to action? Linking ESG reports to environmental performance
Savin, I. V., Carel, M. L., & Schlindwein, E. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0350762 · Cited by 1
Supply chain shareholding and greenwashing in China: A catalyst or a deterrent?
Jian-bo, H., Linghu, Y., Guo, W., & 熊周林 (2026) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2026.103542 · Cited by 1
Hong, C.-H., Chen, H.-W., & Chen, C. (2026) · Sustainable Futures · doi:10.1016/j.sftr.2026.102113 · Cited by 1
Bhowmick, S., & Mahindrakar, A. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2026.1887529 · Cited by 1
Impact of Sustainability Reporting on Firm Value with Audit Quality as Moderator: Coal Companies
Butar-Butar, D. T. M., & Itan, I. (2025) · Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan · doi:10.37641/jiakes.v13i3.3399
Han, G., & Shixin, T. A. N. G. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5345328
Ichsan, M. (2025) · Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Bisnis (JEMB) · doi:10.47233/jemb.v4i1.3095
Denčić-Mihajlov, K., & Spasić, D. (2025) · Amfiteatru Economic · doi:10.24818/ea/2025/70/1069
Vilela, S. L. D. O., Veloso, C. C., & Ribeiro, E. L. (2025) · Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental · doi:10.24857/rgsa.v19n8-070
Manjula, P., & Hussain, S. A. (2025) · Wisdom Management Journal · doi:10.64848/wmj.1.2.2025.72-81
ESG Metrics, Indices and Financial Instruments
Quintiliani, A. (2025) · Sustainable finance · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03147-1_3
García-Escobar, J. (2025) · REVESCO Revista de Estudios Cooperativos · doi:10.5209/reve.105455
Las Finanzas Sostenibles en el Nuevo Paradigma de la Responsabilidad Económica Global
Cortez, P. G. R. (2025) · Estudios y Perspectivas Revista Científica y Académica · doi:10.61384/r.c.a..v5i3.1537
The Intersection of Integrated Finance, Sustainability, and ESG
Ahmad, R., & Sivanandan, P. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2464-7.ch008
Kim, O. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su172310646
Sustainable Tourism Management: A Systematic Review With Bibliographic Analysis
Okumuş, M. T. (2025) · Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review) · doi:10.21121/eab.20260109
Ardaniah, V., Damarjati, C., Isnanda, R. G., Hidayat, I. R., & Rahmantyo, L. E. (2025) · International Conference on Information Technology and Computing (ICITCOM) · doi:10.1109/icitcom66635.2025.11265029
Ding, H. (2025) · Corporate Governance An International Review · doi:10.1111/corg.70014
Adamu, H., Bello, U., Tafida, U. I., Zango, Z. U., Muhammad, K. Y., & Qamar, M. (2026) · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · doi:10.1016/j.seta.2026.104831
Family Firms and ESG Performance: The Moderating Role of Blockholder Ownership
Wang, M., Hung, S., Pai, W., Wei, Y., He, J., He, S., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.70417
Munir, M. F. M. B., Abdullah, A., & Noor, M. N. M. (2025) · Advanced International Journal of Business Entrepreneurship and SMEs · doi:10.35631/aijbes.726003
Environmental transparency: A catalyst for SMEs’ environmental disclosure and financial outcomes
Afful, C. R., & Dvorský, J. (2026) · Journal of the International Council for Small Business · doi:10.1080/26437015.2025.2607492
Wilhelmi, L., Bruns, C., & Schümann, M. (2026) · Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction · doi:10.3390/make8020037
Ethical Sustainability Marketing and Its Impact on Consumer Trust
Uikey, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9680-4.ch008
How does ESG disclosure reduce income smoothing in banks? Cross-country evidence
Doan, A., & Doan, V.-H. (2026) · Economic Change and Restructuring · doi:10.1007/s10644-026-09986-4
Jahanbakhsh, E. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8960368/v1
ESG research trends in tourism: A bibliometric analysis and future directions
Le, V. P., Le, T. T. H., Ha, N. L., & Huong, S. (2026) · Problems and Perspectives in Management · doi:10.21511/ppm.24(1).2026.26
Fu, B. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6379214
de Moura, I. E. M. O., Neto, J. M. M., & da Silva, E. A. (2026) · Business Strategy & Development · doi:10.1002/bsd2.70303
Typology of ESG-communications in corporate discourse in Ukrainian media
Zelinska, A., Krainikova, T., & Vodolazka, S. (2026) · Obraz · doi:10.21272/obraz.2026.1(50)-6-17
Alfonso, L. P., & García-Manglano, S. (2026) · Strategic Management · doi:10.5937/straman2600008p
Khan, F. U., & Amin, A. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology · doi:10.55524/ijircst.2026.14.1.18
Membrilla, R. L. (2026) · Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental · doi:10.56398/ajacieda.00474
Detecting Greenwashing through Artificial Intelligence: Methods and Challenges
Vishnoi, A., Chauhan, A. S., & Khan, M. I. (2026) · International Journal of Innovations in Science Engineering and Management. · doi:10.69968/txgz4525
ISSA 5000 en el aseguramiento de la sostenibilidad ante la regulación emergente y nuevas tecnologías
Coelho, C.-E. S. (2026) · Revista Multidisciplinar Epistemología de las Ciencias · doi:10.71112/1dkjnw51
Herawaty, V., Daeli, F., & Widiarto, I. (2026) · Ilomata International Journal of Tax and Accounting · doi:10.61194/ijtc.v7i2.2158
Metadata
- Authors
- Sneideriene, A., & Legenzova, R.
- Affiliations
- Vytautas Magnus University (LT)
- Venue
- Research in International Business and Finance
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-02
- Volume
- 74
- Pages
- 102720
- ISSN
- 0275-5319 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4405662717
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 102 · 2025: 48
- FWCI
- 50.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Research in International Business and Finance (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Vytautas Magnus University (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Environmental Sustainability in Business
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds
- Keywords
- greenwashing, ESG disclosure, greenwashing prevention, greenwashing detection, corporate sustainability reporting, disclosure reliability, ESG regulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review