The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
RETRACTED: Rates of comorbid symptoms in children with ASD, ADHD, and comorbid ASD and ADHD
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief, after review by an independent panel of experts, due to evidence of a compromised peer review process and the failure of one author to disclose significant conflicts of interest. An independent peer-review process is a cornerstone of scientific integrity that allows for research to be scrutinized before publication to ensure that conclusions are anchored in sound methodology and objective interpretation of the results. Equally important is that the readership of research is fully informed about any potential competing interests that may have influenced the research process. This article is being retracted because it did not include a declaration of a conflict of interest of one author in relation to diagnostic tools which the paper endorses. The same author was also the Editor in Chief of the journal at the time of publication and evidence indicates that the paper was accepted without any independent peer review by external reviewers. The article is therefore retracted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Elsevier: https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/publishing-ethics and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction-guidelines.pdf.
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“The adaptive and social functioning of people with ASD are also affected by the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptomatology (Ashwood et al., 2015;Jang et al, 2013;Lyall et al., 2017;Rao and Landa, 2014;Sikora et al., 2012;Tureck et al., 2013;Yerys et al., 2009).”
From Children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, theory of mind, and behavioral problems (2018) · cites this paper as Jang et al, 2013
Citations
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3 of the 54 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Reduced motor planning underlying inhibition of prepotent responses in children with ADHD
Valori, I., Longa, L. D., Angeli, A., Marfia, G., & Farroni, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22318-6 · Cited by 13
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Mellahn, O. J., Knott, R., Tiego, J., Kallady, K., Williams, K. J., Bellgrove, M. A., & Johnson, B. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.914668 · Cited by 11
“Children with co-occurring ADHD + autism are more likely to present with a broader range of clinical symptoms, and greater symptom severity (4, 23, 24, 49).”
BackgroundResultChen, Y., Kuo, R. N.-C., & Gau, S. S. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01769-8 · Cited by 7
“Second, it is possible that ADHD and ASD are common neurodevelopmental disorders and pervasive, with significant behavioral problems and functional impairments, which can be easily observed by parents, teachers, and significant others beginning in early childhood [38].”
Smusz, M., Allely, C. S., & Bidgood, A. (2024) · Sexuality and Disability · doi:10.1007/s11195-024-09840-3 · Cited by 7
“Children with a dual diagnosis tend to exhibit increased rates of behavioral and conduct symptoms, mood disorders, and other psychopathologies when compared to their peers with a single condition (autism or ADHD) [13].”
Hollingdale, J., Woodhouse, E., Young, S., Gudjonsson, G. H., Charman, T., & Mandy, W. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001416 · Cited by 9
“…rates of oppositionality and aggression, tantrum behaviours, conduct problems, worry and depression than young people who have ADHD or autism without co-occurring conditions (Guttmann-Steinmetz, Gadow, & DeVincent, 2009; Guttmann-Steinmetz, Gadow, DeVincent, & Crowell, 2010; Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundCampbell, B., Curran, M., Inkpen, R., Katsikitis, M., & Kannis‐Dymand, L. (2018) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-08-2017-0017 · Cited by 6
Neurodevelopmental therapy adherence in Australian parent-child dyads: The impact of parental stress
Loader, S. J., Brouwers, N., & Burke, L. M. (2019) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2019.2 · Cited by 6
Sensory modulation and negative affect in children at familial risk of ADHD
Keating, J., Bramham, J., & Downes, M. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103904 · Cited by 6
“Participants with an ASD diagnosis in their immediate family (which may also influence sensory processing difficulties) were not excluded from analyses due to the high co-occurring rate between the two disorders (Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundNakua, H., Hawco, C. S., Forde, N. J., Jacobs, G. R., Joseph, M. J. E., Voineskos, A. N., Wheeler, A. L., Lai, M., Szatmári, P., Kelley, E. A., et al. (2022) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-022-02483-0 · Cited by 7
“…obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with high rates of clinical co-occurrence (Abramovitch et al., 2015; Jang et al., 2013; Lai et al., 2019; Lewin et al., 2011; Masi et al., 2006) in addition to significant overlap in clinical (Lawson et al., 2015; Mito…”
BackgroundSönmez, D., & Jordan, T. R. (2023) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2022.2163605 · Cited by 6
“…demonstrate higher comorbidity with other mental health conditions than non-clinical groups, and this seems to occur particularly with anxiety-related issues (Bellini 2006, Gillott et al. 2001, Jang et al. 2013, Kim et al. 2000, Kirsch et al. 2020, Moseley et al. 2011, Russell and Sofronoff 2005).”
Hosiri, T., Sittanomai, N., Bumrungtrakul, T., & Boon‐yasidhi, V. (2023) · Siriraj Medical Journal/San Sirirat · doi:10.33192/smj.v75i3.260870 · Cited by 5
Jang, J., Matson, J. L., Cervantes, P. E., & Goldin, R. L. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.08.011 · Cited by 5
RetractedThe Treatment of Dually Diagnosed Individuals with Sleep Disturbances and Intellectual Disabilities
McPherson, P., Kaushal, M., & Kothapalli, V. (2020) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46835-4_36 · Cited by 6
Unsupervised Graph Domain Adaptation for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Diagnosis
Wang, B., Liu, Z., Li, Y., Xiao, X., Zhang, R., Cao, Y., Cui, L., & Zhang, P. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59713-9_48 · Cited by 4
Psychopathologies Associated with ASD: Anxiety, OCD, Depression, and ADHD
Braconnier, M. L., Garza, I., & Moskowitz, L. J. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_2 · Cited by 4
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Population-based detection of children ASD/ADHD comorbidity from atypical sensory processing
Fernández-Delgado, M., Cruz, S., Cernadas, E., Alateyat, H., Tubío-Fungueiriño, M., Sampaio, A., Carracedo, Á., & Fernández‐Prieto, M. (2024) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-024-05655-z · Cited by 3
“Evidence also shows that children with ASD/ADHD have increased stereotypic and repetitive behaviors, such as mannerisms [12], tantrum behaviors and conduct problems [14] than those diagnosed with ASD alone.”
Comorbidity and the Need for Interdisciplinary Treatments
Matson, J., & Burns, C. (2019) · Handbook of Interdisciplinary Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13027-5_3 · Cited by 3
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“Those with comorbid ASD and ADHD also show more severe symptoms (more tantrum behaviours, anxiety and conduct condition) than those with ASD or ADHD alone (Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAn Exploration of Sleep and Family Factors in Young Children at Familial Risk for ADHD
Keating, J., Bramham, J., McNicholas, F., Carr, A., Hasshim, N., & Downes, M. (2020) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2020.1862119 · Cited by 4
“Those with ASD in their immediate family were not excluded from analyses due to the high co-occurring rate between the two disorders (Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundKontoangelos, K. A., Lazaratou, E., Economou, M. P., Yiannopoulou, K. G., & Papageorgiou, C. C. (2025) · Psychopharmacology Bulletin · doi:10.64719/pb.4600 · Cited by 3
Matheis, M. (2020) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46835-4_17 · Cited by 3
Vahabzadeh, A. B. N., Keshav, N. U., Salisbury, J. P., & Sahin, N. T. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/165514 · Cited by 3
“The combination of ADHD and ASD has been linked not only to greater impairment [10,11] and psychopathology [12,13], but also reduced access and response to psychopharmacologic treatment for ADHD [15,25].”
ADHD, Distractibility, and ABA
Orantes, D., Rohacek, A., & Antshel, K. M. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27587-6_20 · Cited by 2
ADHD Symptoms in Adults with Asperger’s Disorder: Findings from a Sample in Japan
Ohno, T. (2014) · Autism - Open Access · doi:10.4172/2165-7890.1000132 · Cited by 2
“Although DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria do not allow co-diagnosis of ASD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), some researchers have noted that persons with ASD sometimes have symptoms similar to those of ADHD [7].”
BackgroundThe Importance of Evidence Based Practices and Autism
Paynter, J. M., Sulek, R., & Westerveld, M. F. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_25 · Cited by 2
Vahabzadeh, A. B. N., Keshav, N. U., Salisbury, J. P., & Sahin, N. T. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.9631.a · Cited by 2
Efficient Comorbidity Analysis in Brain Disorders Reveals Better Diagnosis
Li, M., Amirizaniani, M., & Kashef, R. F. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE International Conference on Smart City; IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS) · doi:10.1109/hpcc-dss-smartcity-dependsys53884.2021.00189 · Cited by 1
Saito, A., Matsumoto, S., Sakata, Y., & Sugawara, M. (2022) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-022-00311-4 · Cited by 2
“Using previous findings that children diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD have higher worry/depression scores (Jang et al., 2013), we examined whether university students in the general population with both higher ASD and ADHD traits have a more severe risk of developing emotional problems.”
BackgroundSchoenmakers, S., Bos, S. H., & IJsselsteijn, W. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1502914 · Cited by 1
“As neurodevelopmental disorders often co-occur and since they can influence subjective and objective measurement of symptoms (Jang et al., 2013; Murray, 2010; Sinzig et al., 2009), all participants were asked for diagnoses in comorbid disorders, such as ASD, dyslexia, other learning disorders,…”
When Autism Spectrum Disorder Masks ADHD in Adolescents
Weissman, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62393-7_10 · Cited by 1
Deep learning diagnosis plus kinematic severity assessments of neurodivergent disorders
Doctor, K., McKeever, C., Wu, D., Phadnis, A., Plawecki, M. H., Nürnberger, J. I., & José, J. V. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-04294-9 · Cited by 1
Gau, S. S., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819749-3.00001-4 · Cited by 1
Autism Severity and Comorbid Symptoms in Children with ASD
Jang, J. (2014) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.543 · Cited by 1
“…co-occurring ASD and other conditions may alter symptom presentation and further exacerbate deficits bi-directionally and result in more psychiatric difficulties (Jang et al., 2013; Matson et al., 2011; Matson, Boisjoli, & Mahan, 2009; Matson & Rivet, 2008; Mayes et al., 2012; Tureck et al., 2013).”
BackgroundVahabzadeh, A. B. N., Keshav, N. U., Salisbury, J. P., & Sahin, N. T. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.9631 · Cited by 1
“The combination of ASD and ADHD in an individual has been linked to both greater cognitive impairment (6, 7), general psychopathology (8, 9), and significantly higher rates of some hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms compared to individuals with ADHD alone (10).”
BackgroundFujiwara, M., Numano, S., Tanaka, T., Nakamura, M., Kato, N., & Haruno, M. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.07.06.22277323 · Cited by 1
ADHD Symptoms in Adults with Asperger's Disorder: Findings from a Sample
Tani, M., Igarashi, M., Okajima, Y., Kato, N., & Iwanami, A. (2014)
Scope and Prevalence of the Problem
Strang, J. F. (2015) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19183-6_2
“For example, children with comorbid ADHD and ASD had higher rates and intensity of other comorbidity than children with either ASD or ADHD (Gadow et al. 2009; Jang et al. 2013).”
BackgroundDisorders of Neurodevelopment and Brain Functioning
Kroncke, A. P., Willard, M., & Huckabee, H. C. G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25504-0_13
The Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits: A DSM-5 Update
Konst, M. J. (2015) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.144
Cervantes, P. E. (2014) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.3782
“Further, if an individual with ASD exhibits one comorbidity, he or she is more likely to demonstrate symptoms of multiple co-occurring psychopathologies (Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundCarter, K. (2019) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Heady, N. J., Watkins, A. J., John, A. M., & Hutchings, H. A. (2021) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-19684/v2
Beyond Autism Severity: the Role of Medical Providers in Parenting/Caregiver Aggravation
Simpson, J., Schneider, M. B., & Zlomke, K. R. (2021) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-021-00194-x
Bos, D. J., Dobos, D., Oranje, B., & Durston, S. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7xspg
Adaptation and serial choice bias are unaltered in autismPreprint
Bosch, E., Fritsche, M., Utzerath, C., Buitelaar, J. K., & de Lange, F. P. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460060
“An exception to the comorbid disorders was participants with an additional ADHD diagnosis, as this is a very frequent comorbidity (e.g. Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundDiehl, J. J., McDonnell, C. G., & Valentino, K. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258895.ch5
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Autism Detection: From Common to Rare Disorders
Gupta, A., & Malhotra, D. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2550-2_38 · Cited by 1
The Treatment of Dually Diagnosed Individuals with Sleep Disturbances and Intellectual Disabilities
Monceaux, B., Smith, K., & McPherson, P. (2024) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66902-6_16
Quality of life of mothers of children with autistic disorder
Hamed, A. M. M., Aladawy, M. A.-A., Gaad, E., & Khodery, A. R. A. (2024) · Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/azmj.azmj_45_24
ADHD and Autism in Adolescents
Ross, W. J., Tobias, J., & Weissman, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96950-8_11
Dawson, J., Martinez-Cedillo, A. P., Forby, L., Karstadt, B., Kingstone, A. F., & Foulsham, T. (2025) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218251390498
“Some of the cognitive differences and symptoms of ADHD overlap with those seen in autism (Jang et al., 2013; Seernani et al., 2021).”
Imagerie mentale et style cognitif dans le spectre de l'autisme
Bled, C. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e5d07a80z019dz4dbez90f0zd8dc3661b1e9
Research Retractions: Scoping Review with ☸SAIMSARA
SAIMSARA (2026) · SAIMSARA Journal · doi:10.62487/saimsaraada9ec85
Metadata
- Authors
- Jang, J., Matson, J. L., Williams, L. W., Tureck, K., Goldin, R. L., & Cervantes, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jang, Jina
- Venue
- Research in Developmental Disabilities
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2369-2378
- ISSN
- 0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142339000
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 6.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, children, comorbid symptoms, conflicts of interest, diagnostic tools, peer review integrity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Comorbidity
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