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Cited by 49Language Development and DisordersChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Which linguistic measures distinguish transient from persistent language problems in Late Talkers from 2 to 4 years? A study on Italian speaking children

Chilosi, A.M., Pfanner, L., Pecini, C., Salvadorini, R., Casalini, C., Brizzolara, D., Cipriani, P.·2019·Research in Developmental Disabilities
DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.03.005
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Abstract

Background In spite of the large literature on Late Talkers (LTs) it's still unclear which factors predict outcome in children younger than 3 years old.Aims To identify the early language characteristics of LTs whose outcome was either a transient delay or a Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).Methods and procedures 50 LTs were assessed both by indirect and direct measures of expressive and receptive language at three time points between 2 and 4 years of age.Outcomes and results At the first evaluation, all LTs had an expressive language delay; 61% also had delayed early syntactic comprehension. Three different linguistic outcomes emerged: children who caught up with their peers ("Late Bloomers") at age 3; children with slow language recovery ("Slow Learners") at age 4 and children at risk of DLD. The linguistic measures that differentiated the groups changed with age. By 28 months, impaired syntactic comprehension differentiated children at risk of DLD at 4 years of age, from the other two groups. By 36 months, the discrepancy between vocabulary size and age was larger in children with persistent language difficulties compared to both "Late Bloomers" and "Slow Learners". Expressive grammar differentiated the groups significantly by age 3 with difficulties in this domain still persisting in children with DLD at age 4.Conclusions An early syntactic comprehension delay was a predictive index of DLD in LTs, suggesting the importance of evaluating this language component when assessing LT toddlers.Implications LTs with receptive-expressive language delay around 24-30 months could benefit from an early language intervention.

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Authors
Chilosi, A. M., Pfanner, L., Pecini, C., Salvadorini, R., Casalini, C., Brizzolara, D., & Cipriani, P.
Affiliations
University of Florence (IT)
Corresponding author
Chilosi, A.M.
ORCID
Venue
Research in Developmental Disabilities
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-06
Volume
89
Pages
59-68
ISSN
0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ridd.2019.03.005
OpenAlex
W2926460920
Cited by
49
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
FWCI
8.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Current Research of the Italian Ministry of Health
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
late talkers, specific language impairment, expressive language delay, receptive language, syntactic comprehension, vocabulary size, language outcome prediction, toddlers, early language intervention, Italian-speaking children
MeSH terms
Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Language Development, Language Development Disorders, Language Tests, Linguistics, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Speech, Verbal Behavior, Comprehension

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