The DOI matches its Crossref record; 154 of the 160 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fourth generation biofuel: A review on risks and mitigation strategies.
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“For the most part, biofuels of the first and in the vast majority of the second generation are commercially produced, around 4% and 96% in 2019, respectively [44].”
From The potential of biofuels from first to fourth generation (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Additional biocontainment methods can be directly based on genetic changes inside the production cells such as auxotrophies or kill switches, significantly decreasing the risk of genetically modified organism (GMO) escape [44,81].”
From The potential of biofuels from first to fourth generation (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The EU quality standard specifies a 5% blend of bioethanol and petrol.”
From Biofuel production: exploring renewable energy solutions for a greener future (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The United States (US) generates the most ethanol (10% ethanol, 90% petrol), followed by Brazil (27% ethanol) [1, 85].”
From Biofuel production: exploring renewable energy solutions for a greener future (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“This blend does not require any engine adjustments and may be used at higher levels.”
From Biofuel production: exploring renewable energy solutions for a greener future (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The realization of large-scale production of genetically modified (GM) algal biomass, referred to as fourth generation biofuel (FGB), is confronted by several hurdles including ecological risks, high production costs, concerns about legitimacy, and suboptimal growth rates, among other factors [20, 21].”
From A Holistic Approach to Circular Bioeconomy Through the Sustainable Utilization of Microalgal Biomass for Biofuel and Other Value-Added Products (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Abdullah, B., Syed Muhammad, S. A. F., Shokravi, Z., Ismail, S., Kassim, K. A., Mahmood, A. N., & Aziz, M. M. A.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Teknologi Petronas (MY)
- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (IR)
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (MY)
- University of Technology Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Aziz, Md Maniruzzaman A.
- Venue
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 107
- Pages
- 37-50
- ISSN
- 1364-0321 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2917625265
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 16
- FWCI
- 12.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (15H32, 19H98)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Keywords
- fourth-generation biofuels, genetically modified algae, microalgae cultivation, environmental risk, health risks, risk mitigation, biofuel legislation, open pond cultivation, horizontal gene transfer, biofuel by-products, waste disposal, GMO regulation
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