Life-cycle analysis on biodiesel production from microalgae: Water footprint and nutrients balance
Abstract
This research examines the life-cycle water and nutrients usage of microalgae-based biodiesel production. The influence of water types, operation with and without recycling, algal species, geographic distributions are analyzed. The results confirm the competitiveness of microalgae-based biofuels and highlight the necessity of recycling harvested water and using sea/wastewater as water source. To generate 1 kg biodiesel, 3726 kg water, 0.33 kg nitrogen, and 0.71 kg phosphate are required if freshwater used without recycling. Recycling harvest water reduces the water and nutrients usage by 84% and 55%. Using sea/wastewater decreases 90% water requirement and eliminates the need of all the nutrients except phosphate. The variation in microalgae species and geographic distribution are analyzed to reflect microalgae biofuel development in the US. The impacts of current federal and state renewable energy programs are also discussed to suggest suitable microalgae biofuel implementation pathways and identify potential bottlenecks.
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Water footprint in production of algal biodiesel, without water recycling, is as much as 3726 kg water/kg biodiesel.
“Water footprint in the production of algal biodiesel, without the water recycling, is as much as 3726 kg of water/kg of biodiesel [96].”
From The Perspective of Large-Scale Production of Algae Biodiesel (2020) · cites this paper as [96]
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- Authors
- Yang, J., Xu, M., Zhang, X., Hu, Q., Sommerfeld, M., & Chen, Y.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Yongsheng
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-165
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032592188
- Cited by
- 883
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 21.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Boeing
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Keywords
- microalgae biodiesel, water footprint, nutrient balance, water reuse, seawater, nitrogen, phosphate, geographic distribution, renewable energy policy, biofuel competitiveness
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Food, Fresh Water, Life Cycle Stages, Seawater, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Supply, Chlorella vulgaris, Biofuels
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