Cited by 49Algal biology and biofuel productionMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and BioproductionBioenergy crop production and management

Fourth generation biofuel from genetically modified algal biomass for bioeconomic development

Shokravi, Hoofar, Heidarrezaei, Mahshid, Shokravi, Zahra, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Lau, Woei Jye, Din, Mohd Fadhil Md, Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi·2022·Journal of Biotechnology

Abstract

Biofuels from microalgae have promising potential for a sustainable bioeconomy. Algal strains' oil content and biomass yield are the most influential cost drivers in the fourth generation biofuel (FGB) production. Genetic modification is the key to improving oil accumulation and biomass yield, consequently developing the bioeconomy. This paper discusses current practices, new insights, and emerging trends in genetic modification and their bioeconomic impact on FGB production. It was demonstrated that enhancing the oil and biomass yield could significantly improve the probability of economic success and the net present value of the FGB production process. The techno-economic and socioeconomic burden of using genetically modified (GM) strains and the preventive control strategies on the bioeconomy of FGB production is reviewed. It is shown that the fully lined open raceway pond could cost up to 25% more than unlined ponds. The cost of a plastic hoop air-supported greenhouse covering cultivation ponds is estimated to be US 60,000$ /ha. The competitiveness and profitability of large-scale cultivation of GM biomass are significantly locked to techno-economic and socioeconomic drivers. Nonetheless, it necessitates further research and careful long-term follow-up studies to understand the mechanism that affects these parameters the most.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.010

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  • Such genetic modifications define the transition towards fourth-generation concepts, targeting significantly improved biofuel yields per hectare, although specific quantitative projections remain under development.

    “Such genetic modifications define the transition towards fourth-generation concepts, targeting significantly improved biofuel yields per hectare, although specific quantitative projections remain under development [118,166].”

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Authors
Shokravi, H., Heidarrezaei, M., Shokravi, Z., Ong, H. C., Lau, W. J., Din, M. F. M., & Ismail, A. F.
Affiliations
  • University of Technology Malaysia (MY)
  • Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (IR)
  • National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (TW)
Corresponding author
Ong, Hwai Chyuan
Venue
Journal of Biotechnology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-12
Volume
360
Pages
23-36
ISSN
0168-1656 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4306803825
Cited by
49
References
190
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7
FWCI
0.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
Keywords
fourth-generation biofuels, algal biomass, bioeconomy, biomass yield, techno-economic analysis, net present value, greenhouse cultivation, raceway ponds, socio-economic impacts
MeSH terms
Biofuels

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