Electrochemical Technologies for Lithium Recovery from Liquid Resources: A Review

ED systems require the feed solution to be pretreated so that Ca2+, Mg2+, and other metals that cause membrane fouling can be removed prior to Li+ extraction.

“Similarly to other membrane technologies, ED systems require the feed solution to be pretreated so that Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and other metals that cause membrane fouling can be removed prior to Li + extraction (Wang et al., 2022).”

Traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have complex treatment stages.

“Therefore, traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have significant drawbacks, including high energy consumption, lengthy processing times, complex treatment stages, and potential secondary contamination, thereby driving interest toward more efficient extraction technologies like DLE [42].”

Traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have potential secondary contamination.

“Therefore, traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have significant drawbacks, including high energy consumption, lengthy processing times, complex treatment stages, and potential secondary contamination, thereby driving interest toward more efficient extraction technologies like DLE [42].”

The drawbacks of traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods drive interest toward more efficient extraction technologies like direct lithium extraction.

“Therefore, traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have significant drawbacks, including high energy consumption, lengthy processing times, complex treatment stages, and potential secondary contamination, thereby driving interest toward more efficient extraction technologies like DLE [42].”

Traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have lengthy processing times.

“Therefore, traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have significant drawbacks, including high energy consumption, lengthy processing times, complex treatment stages, and potential secondary contamination, thereby driving interest toward more efficient extraction technologies like DLE [42].”

Traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have high energy consumption.

“Therefore, traditional solar evaporation and precipitation methods have significant drawbacks, including high energy consumption, lengthy processing times, complex treatment stages, and potential secondary contamination, thereby driving interest toward more efficient extraction technologies like DLE [42].”

Numerous electrochemical techniques have recently been proposed and have garnered significant interest as an alternative solution for lithium recovery.

“Numerous electrochemical techniques have recently been proposed and have garnered significant interest as an alternative solution for lithium recovery [42,47].”