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Cited by 76Advanced Photocatalysis TechniquesAdvanced oxidation water treatmentTiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 195 of the 201 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 165 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in textile wastewater by Polyaniline composite catalyst-a review

Open access
Oyetade, Joshua Akinropo, Machunda, Revocatus Lazaro, Hilonga, Askwar·2022·Scientific African
DOI 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01305
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Abstract

Azo dyes in industrial textile and dye effluent (5–30%) have become irresistibly recalcitrant and toxic to both treatments and the environment respectively. Global concerns about the persistent nature of these dyes and the limitation of the conventional treatment currently in place have led to this critical analysis and evaluation of the photocatalytic approach using nano-technology. The review of literature has indicated that although this approach is effective, however, the limitation of frequent electron-hole recombination during the process coupled with challenges of agglomeration of nano particle powder, photo-corrosion and photosensitivity of the various nano-materials are still challenges associated with the development of polymeric based nano composite catalyst of polyaniline (PANI). The unique features of incredible charge transport properties, surface morphology and enhanced functional properties gave PANI the choice of use among other conductive polymers for composite fabrication with materials suchTiO2,andZnO2,Grapheneoxides,CNTs. Photoactive properties, conductivity mechanical, thermal and chemical stability equally offers the polymer the propensity of bandgap tunability when in composites with other materials. Consequently, effective recovery and reuse of the composite catalyst for more than four runs with efficiency > 90% becomes obtainable. These appreciable advantages offer fabricated nano composite polymeric-based catalysts an effective outlook of use in the remediation of toxic azo dyes industrially as compared to the bio-catalyst and pure nano adsorbent materials. Therefore, the review discusses the treatment process for azo dyes, fabrication and performance evaluation of improved composite catalyst of PANI as an alternative to the conventional catalyst in wastewater and recommends for further investigation in PANI to enhance treatability of azo dyes.

Overview

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review evaluates photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in textile wastewater using polyaniline (PANI)-based nanocomposite catalysts as an alternative to conventional catalysts. It concludes that PANI composites can achieve high degradation efficiencies, often >90%, with improved recovery and reuse, but challenges such as electron–hole recombination, agglomeration, photo-corrosion, and photosensitivity remain.

Key findings

  • PANI-based nanocomposites frequently achieved high degradation: TiO₂/PANI degraded 99.6% methylene blue in 60 min and 96.5% rhodamine B in 30 min under UV; 2DhBN/PANI degraded 93% methylene blue and 95% methyl orange in 90 min under UV; TiO₂/PANI degraded 92% Acid blue 25 and 95% Acid Orange in 45 min under sunlight.
  • Effective recovery and reuse of the composite catalyst for more than four runs with efficiency >90% was reported, attributed to immobilization of nano powder in the polymer matrix.
  • Compared with conventional catalysts, PANI composites showed faster or higher degradation under sunlight: conventional catalysts gave low degradation of 25%, 21.8%, and 56% for selected azo dyes at 120, 180, and 180 min, while PANI composites degraded the same or similar dyes at shorter times and higher percentages.
  • Bio-catalysts generally required longer degradation times, e.g., laccase degraded 99% methyl orange in 12 h, but were limited by instability at elevated temperatures and alkaline conditions.

Methods

  • Design: a literature review and critical analysis/evaluation of photocatalytic treatment of azo dyes using PANI nanocomposite catalysts compared with conventional catalysts.
  • Data: synthesized findings from cited studies, presented in comparative tables of nanocomposite catalysts, conventional catalysts, and bio-catalysts with degradation time, percentage degradation, degraded azo dyes, and light source.
  • Main analysis: qualitative and tabular comparison of catalyst performance, fabrication methods (especially in situ polymerization), immobilization techniques, operational parameters (pH, temperature, dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, irradiation), and mechanisms of dye–photocatalyst interaction.

Limitations

  • The paper states that frequent electron–hole recombination, agglomeration of nano particle powder, photo-corrosion, and photosensitivity of nanomaterials remain challenges for developing PANI-based nanocomposite catalysts.
  • The paper states that quantitative determination of initial dye concentration before photocatalysis limits use due to oversaturation of the nano-catalyst at extremely high dye concentrations, and recommends primary treatment and further investigation of recycling, reuse, and saturation points.
  • Evident from the text: this is a review without new primary experimental data, and some tables are incomplete or inconsistent (e.g., Table 5 is empty, Table 6 skips numbering, and Table 7 contains a typo “25.90.5”).

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01305

Cites

195 of 195 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

0 of 165 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    PANI composite degraded methylene blue by 97% at 150 min under UV radiation.

    “From Table 6 , degradation percentage of 97% and 94.35% degradation of methylene blue at 150 min and 30 min respectively was recorded when the composite fabricated with PANI was used in the presence of UV radiation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    PANI composites used under sunlight show high percentage performance of 92%, 95% and 97% for degradation of azo dyes in Table 6.

    “Furthermore, the composites of PANI used under influence of sunlight energy show a high percentage performance of 92%, 95% and 97% for the degradation of azo in Table 6 at 98%, 94% and 99% for Acid red 151, Orange II, and Congo red respectively, and Pseudomonas sp having 83% dye degradation at 24-33h for reactive black 5.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Pseudomonas sp has 83% dye degradation at 24-33 h for reactive black 5.

    “Furthermore, the composites of PANI used under influence of sunlight energy show a high percentage performance of 92%, 95% and 97% for the degradation of azo in Table 6 at 98%, 94% and 99% for Acid red 151, Orange II, and Congo red respectively, and Pseudomonas sp having 83% dye degradation at 24-33h for reactive black 5.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingcitation

    Microbial degradation of azo dye molecules from textile wastewater is characterized by a longer degradation time compared to the photocatalysts used in Tables 6 and 7.

    “From the report in the Table, the microbial degradation of azo dye molecules from textile wastewater is characterized by a longer degradation time when compared to the photocatalyst used in Tables 6 and 7 .”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The data compiled in Tables 6, 7, and 8 from different studies are comparable despite differences in experimental conditions.
    • Rests on an assumption: The degradation percentages reported in the cited studies are accurate and reliable.
    • Rests on an assumption: Photocatalytic degradation performance can be validly compared across different dyes and light sources.
  • Findingown data

    From Table 8, only fungal laccase bio-catalyst has the lowest degradation time of 12 h to degrade 99% of methyl orange.

    “Also, from Table 8 , only fungal laccase bio-catalyst has the lowest degradation time of 12 h to degrade 99% of methyl orange.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The degradation percentages reported in the cited studies are accurate and reliable.
  • It may state two separate claims as one. 52
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 20
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    The in-situ process is characterized by considerable advantages of lower bandgap and higher dye-degrading efficiency.

    “This process is characterized by considerable advantages of lower bandgap and higher dye-degrading efficiency as highlighted in Table 5 .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    PANI composites used under sunlight show 98%, 94% and 99% degradation for Acid red 151, Orange II, and Congo red respectively.

    “Furthermore, the composites of PANI used under influence of sunlight energy show a high percentage performance of 92%, 95% and 97% for the degradation of azo in Table 6 at 98%, 94% and 99% for Acid red 151, Orange II, and Congo red respectively, and Pseudomonas sp having 83% dye degradation at 24-33h for reactive black 5.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Findingnone given

    Mutant Bacillus sp. ACT2 has a degradation efficiency of 12-30% for Congo red at 37-48 h.

    “Examples of these are Mutant Bacillus sp .ACT2 with a degradation efficiency of 12-30% for Congo red at 37-48 h, Bacillus cereus having a degradation efficiency of 67% for Cibacron black PSG and Cibacron Red P4B during 5days.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Findingnone given

    Bacillus cereus has a degradation efficiency of 67% for Cibacron black PSG and Cibacron Red P4B during 5 days.

    “Examples of these are Mutant Bacillus sp .ACT2 with a degradation efficiency of 12-30% for Congo red at 37-48 h, Bacillus cereus having a degradation efficiency of 67% for Cibacron black PSG and Cibacron Red P4B during 5days.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    Rose Bengal degradation was 97% in 150 min in Table 2, while it was 81% in 180 min in Table 7.

    “and Rose Bengal having 97% in 150 min in Table 2 , while it has 81% in 180 min in Table 7 .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The data compiled in Tables 6, 7, and 8 from different studies are comparable despite differences in experimental conditions.
    • Rests on an assumption: The degradation percentages reported in the cited studies are accurate and reliable.
    • Rests on an assumption: Photocatalytic degradation performance can be validly compared across different dyes and light sources.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Findingown data

    Some microorganisms in the table have low degradation efficiency over an extended time.

    “It is also worthy of note to add that some of these microorganisms from the table have low degradation efficiency over an extended time.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    Acid blue degradation was 95% in Table 6 and 73% in Table 7 at 45 min.

    “Others include acid blue having percentage degradation of 95% and 73% at 45 min in Tables 6 and 7 , respectively”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The data compiled in Tables 6, 7, and 8 from different studies are comparable despite differences in experimental conditions.
    • Rests on an assumption: The degradation percentages reported in the cited studies are accurate and reliable.
    • Rests on an assumption: Photocatalytic degradation performance can be validly compared across different dyes and light sources.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    For methylene blue, PANI composite photocatalysts (Table 6) achieved 93% and 99.6% degradation at 90 min, whereas conventional catalysts (Table 7) achieved 97%, 92%, and 90% at longer durations of 120, 350, and 180 min, respectively.

    “Also, when the same dyestuff present in the wastewater was comparatively assessed, at 90 min in Table 6 , the degradation efficiency of methylene blue azo dye was 93% and 99.6% while in Table 7 , 97%, 92%, and 90% were recorded at longer duration time of 120, 350, 180 min respectively for the same dye.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The data compiled in Tables 6, 7, and 8 from different studies are comparable despite differences in experimental conditions.
    • Rests on an assumption: The degradation percentages reported in the cited studies are accurate and reliable.
    • Rests on an assumption: Photocatalytic degradation performance can be validly compared across different dyes and light sources.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Azo dyes account for 70% of use among over 2000 species of synthetic dyes.

    “Azo dyes are identified with one or more azo bond linkage (-N = N-) having the most prominent use of 70% among over 2,0 0 0 species of synthetic dyes”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [1]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [2]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [3]

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    • cites [4]

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    • cites [70]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Photocatalysis initiates a redox reaction that generates radicals and electron-hole pairs.

    “The whole process initiates a redox reaction which spontaneously generates radicals (e.g hydroxides, peroxides, and superoxides) while forming electron-hole pairs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Shindhal et al. [150]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Pandey et al. [156]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    PANI synthesized by oxidative polymerization exhibits charge transport dynamics supporting high photon capturing activity and lower band gap.

    “The polymer commonly synthesized by oxidative polymerization exhibits incredible charge transport dynamics which supports its high photon capturing activity and lower band gap”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [19]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [72]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Nano-photocatalyst challenges include photo-corrosion, frequent electron-hole recombination, large band gap, low photon detection/capturing, and agglomeration of powdered nanoparticles.

    “the challenges corresponding to their uses as photocatalyst includes photo-corrosion, frequent electron-hole recombination, large band gap, low photon detection and capturing propensity and agglomeration of powdered nano particles (NPs)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [6]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [123]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [127]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Azo dyes in industrial textile and dye effluent at 5-30% are recalcitrant and toxic to treatment and the environment.

    “Azo dyes in industrial textile and dye effluent (5-30%) have become irresistibly recalcitrant and toxic to both treatments and the environment respectively.”
    • Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
      “The toxic impacts of these dyes in wastewater are based on high resistance to microbial degradation, conventional treatments and chemical transformation of the dye molecules in the effluent to more toxic pollutants (benzidine)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [13]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [27]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [56]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    An estimated 50,000 tonnes of textile wastewater is annually discharged with 10-30% concentration of unfixed dyes.

    “An estimate of 50,000 tonnes of textile wastewater is annually discharged with 10-30% concertation of unfixed dyes from dyeing, printing, pigmentation, and bleeding of the textile substrate”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [13]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Adetuyi et al. [175]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Oyetade et al. [174]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The photocatalytic degradation mechanism starts with photon energy capture by the photocatalyst, exciting electrons from valence band to conduction band and forming oxidizing and reducing sites.

    “The mechanism of the degradation process starts with the capturing of photon energy from light by the photocatalyst leading to the excitation of the electrons from the valence band (VB) to the conduction band (CB), forming oxidizing and reducing sites”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Antonio et al., 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [86]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Conventional metal oxide catalysts have photo capturing propensity only within the ultraviolet region; in the visible region they exhibit low photon detection/capturing, lowering radical generation.

    “their photo capturing propensity is only within the ultraviolent region Beyond this region to the visible, the nanomaterials exhibit low photon detection and capturing potential which lowers the generation of radical species needful for dye degradation”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Commonly used nano adsorbents in photocatalysis are inorganic metal oxides.

    “commonly used nano adsorbents in photocatalysis are the inorganic metal oxides”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [85]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    As initial dye concentration increases, adsorption and degradation increase up to saturation of binding sites, beyond which desorption occurs.

    “As the initial dye concentration increases the adsorption and degradation increase up to the point where the binding sites on the adsorbent are saturated, beyond this point desorption occurs”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [35]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [93]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [99]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    PANI exhibits well-defined tubular morphology.

    “Studies by Saha et al. [101] , Shahabuddin et al. [112] and Ameen et al. [10] reveal that PANI exhibited well-defined tubular morphology, however, incorporation of h-BN and graphene nanosheet correspond to the formation of the granular polymeric network.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Saha et al. [101]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Shahabuddin et al. [112]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Ameen et al. [10]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In situ polymerization is more appreciable than ex situ polymerization because ex situ polymerization exhibits low-density and non-uniform coverage of polyaniline nanostructures by the semiconductor material.

    “This method of fabricating nanocomposite is more appreciable than the former because the former exhibits the formation of low-density and non-uniform coverage of nanostructures of polyaniline by the material semi-conductor (Vargas et al. [191] ).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Vargas et al. [191]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Electron-hole recombination, agglomeration, and photo-corrosion of some metal oxide nanoparticles limit their performance, recovery, and reuse.

    “electron (e -)-hole (h + ) recombination, agglomeration and photo-corrosion of some of the metal oxide nanoparticles limits their performance, recovery and reuse”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Meng et al. [186]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Use of semiconductors in pure form as nano-adsorbent has toxicological impacts and reduced photocatalytic performance.

    “the use of these semiconductors in their pure form as nano-adsorbent has toxicological impacts and reduced photocatalytic performance”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [13]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [136]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Toxicity and frequent recombination of metal oxide photocatalysts greatly limit their performance in dye degradation.

    “the challenges of toxicity and frequent recombination notably exist for the metal oxides photocatalyst in Table 4 ,which greatly limits their performance in dye degradation”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [8]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [42]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The unique molecular orientation of PANI accounts for its improved charge mobility properties, which enhances its photosensitivity in pure form or as composites with other semiconductor materials.

    “The unique molecular orientation of PANI accounts for its improved charge mobility properties which enhances its photosensitivity when existing in pure form or as composites with other semiconductor materials [83] .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [83]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Cationic dyes are adsorbed more in alkaline medium to establish electrostatic interaction, resulting in increased degradation efficiency.

    “cationic dyes are adsorbed more in an alkaline medium to establish electrostatic interaction resulting in increased degradation efficiency”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15]

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    • cites [53]

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  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Excitation generates hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radical anions, and hydroperoxyl radicals, which are oxidizing species.

    “This excitation leads to the generation of hydroxyl radicals ( • OH), superoxide radical anions ( • O 2-), and hydroperoxyl radicals ( • OOH), which are oxidizing species”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Xing et al., 2018

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    PANI exhibits high adsorptive capacity, ability to form polymeric support for nano powder materials with enhanced morphology, bandgap tuneability on fabrication with other nanomaterials, and high solubility based on amphiphilicity.

    “it exhibits other unique potentials such as high adsorptive capacity, ability to form polymeric support for nano powder materials with enhanced morphology, tuneability of bandgap on fabrication with other nano materials as composites and high solubility based on its amphiphilicity”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [59]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [112]

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    • cites [141]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Dyes adsorbed by nano adsorbents combine with conduction-band electrons, forming dye radical anions and consequently degrading dye molecules.

    “Dyes adsorbed already by the nano adsorbents from the wastewater combine with the electrons in the conduction band resulting in the formation of dye radical anions and consequently degradation of the dye molecules”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Hossain et al. [205]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Sioni et al., 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Hybridized PANI composites improve surface area and enhance photocatalytic reaction sites, inducing electron-hole separation.

    “This also improves the surface area and enhances photocatalytic reaction sites thereby inducing electron-hole separation”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [92]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In photocatalysis, pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, nature and dosage of nano adsorbent, contact time, irradiation time, and irradiation intensity play significant roles in adsorption-degradation.

    “In photocatalysis, vital parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, nature and dosage of nano adsorbent, contact time, irradiation time, and irradiation intensity play a significant role in the adsorption-degradation process”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [15]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [93]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [96]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Other conductive mechanisms of polyaniline can be tunnelling between high-conductive crystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix or electron-phonon interaction.

    “Apart from the hopping of charge carriers along and between polymer chains, other incredible conductive mechanisms of polyaniline can be tunnelling between high-conductive crystallites embedded into the amorphous matrix or electron-phonon interaction [30] .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The need for photosensitizers in place of toxic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles justifies investigation of p-type conductive polymers, especially polyaniline and its composite-forming mechanism.

    “the need for the use of photosensitizers in place of toxic metal and metal oxide NPs justifies the investigation of p-type conductive polymers especially the novel polyaniline and its composite forming mechanism with other materials with appreciable advantage”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The presence of PANI enhances the high hole transporting ability and stability of the material during remediation.

    “Morphologically, the presence of PANI enhances the high hole transporting ability and stability of the material during the remediation process (Vikas et al. [197] ).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Vikas et al. [197]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisenone given

    For electronic excitation, the photon energy captured by the material must be equal to or greater than its bandgap.

    “For electronic excitation to occur, the energy of the photon captured by the material must be equal to or greater than the energy of its bandgap.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    The dynamics of electrical transport in polyaniline are described by its intra-chain or inter-chain transport processes.

    “The dynamics of electrical transport in polyaniline are described by its intra-chain or inter-chain transport processes [109] .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [109]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Emeraldine salt has two benzoid units and one alternating quinoid unit, resulting in high thermal stability and nanocomposite forming potential with inorganic nanoparticles.

    “emeraldine salt stands out with unique structural characteristics of two benzoid units and one alternating quinoid unit which results in high thermal stability and nanocomposite forming potential with inorganic nanoparticles”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [17]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [19]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    PANI is amphiphilic based on its conjugated organic part and -NH•+ formed during protonation; its excellent dispersion and ability to bind organic and water-soluble dyes account for its choice among polymeric adsorbents.

    “PANI is amphiphilic based on its conjugated organic part (Quiniond) and-NH • + formed during protonation, the excellent dispersion and ability to bind with organic and watersoluble dyes in effluent account for its choice among other polymeric adsorbents”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [19]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [20]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [66]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Low pH enhances adsorption of anionic dyes and high pH enhances adsorption of cationic dyes.

    “Research by Salleh et al. [104] reveals that low and high pH enhances the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes, respectively.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Salleh et al. [104]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    During photocatalysis, high mobility charge carriers, stability, and strong coupling between polymer and semiconductors make PANI nanocomposites function effectively in degradation of dye molecules within the visible region.

    “Furthermore, during photocatalysis, the advantages of high mobility charge carriers, stability, and the strong coupling effect existing between the polymer and the semiconductors, make the nanocomposites function effectively in the degradation of dye molecules within the visible region.(Bingham and Daoud [193] ; Riaz et al. [99] ; Jadoun et al. [194] ).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Bingham and Daoud [193]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Riaz et al. [99]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Jadoun et al. [194]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Use of zwitterions to form zwitterionic polyaniline enhances Pickering emulsions at the interface between organic solvents and aqueous solution, leading to improved solubility of the polymer matrix.

    “Thirdly, the use of zwitterions to form zwitterionic polyaniline.The zwitterions are characterized by charge functional groups of both positive and negative.This enhances the Pickering emulsions at the interface between organic solvents and aqueous solution leading to improved solubility of the polymer matrix [30] .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Incorporation of semiconductor material into PANI polymeric chains by in situ polymerization prevents recombination because the empty conduction band of the semiconductor intercepts returning positively charged holes, improving photocatalytic efficiency.

    “Also, the incorporation of semiconductor material into the PANI polymeric chains by in situ polymerization prevents recombination such that, as the positively charged holes (h + ) are returning to HOMO to recombine, the empty conduction band of the semiconductor intercepts the recombination thereby improving it photocatalytic efficiency [ 8 , 42 , 112 ].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [8]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [42]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [112]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Other processes such as mixing, hydrothermal method catalyst deposition, galvanostatic method and plasma-irradiation treatment have challenges of nano powder agglomeration and are energy-intensive.

    “Examples of other processes are mixing, hydrothermal method catalyst deposition, galvanostatic method and plasma-irradiation treatment which have the challenges of nano powder agglomeration and its energy-intensive [46] .”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [46]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Use of Graphene oxides (GO) and CNTs as additives enhances solute-solvent interaction of PANI, limits fouling, enhances rate of flux recovery, and improves hydrophilicity of the conducting polymer.

    “Firstly, the solute-solvent interaction of PANI can be enhanced via the use of Graphene oxides (GO), and CNTs as additives which limit fouling, enhance the rate of flux recovery and improve the hydrophilicity of the conducting polymer.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lin et al. [66]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Metal doping as a nanomaterial for dye degradation is not cost-effective, not reproducible, and has a problem with catalyst recovery.

    “However, this technique is not cost-effective, not reproducible, and has a problem with catalyst recovery, hence it becomes imperative to use the alternative of nanocomposite developed from polyaniline (Yang et al. [199] ; Abd El-Rady et al. [200] ; Sood et al. [201] ).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Yang et al. [199]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Abd El-Rady et al. [200]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Sood et al. [201]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Surface immobilization method enhances reduction of agglomeration, creation of more active sites, surface modification and cost-effectiveness.

    “Alhaji et al. [7] and Lin et al. [66] added that this method enhances the reduction of agglomeration, creation of more active sites, surface modification and its cost-effectiveness.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Alhaji et al. [7]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Lin et al. [66]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The surface of negatively charged TiO2 (rod) undergoes electrostatic interaction with positively charged anilium ion from PANI, forming a composite with improved photocatalytic degradation of phenol in the azo at strong adsorption of light in the visible region.

    “The surface of the negatively charged TiO 2 (rod) undergoes electrostatic interaction with positively charged anilium ion from the PANI forming a composite with improved the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in the azo at strong adsorption of light in the visible region (Yaseen and Scholz [214] ).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Yaseen and Scholz [214]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Immobilization techniques enhance recovery and improve performance of PANI-based catalysts for several runs.

    “Recent studies discussed the use of immobilization techniques to enhance the recovery and improve the performance of these catalysts for several runs [ 97 , 120 ].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [97]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [120]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The use of the in-situ process enhances homogenous dispersion of semiconductors on the PANI matrix and reduces possible agglomeration.

    “The use of the in-situ process enhances the homogenous dispersion of the semiconductors on the PANI matrix, and reduces possible agglomeration [ 3 , 34 ].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [3]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [34]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Performance and integrity of these nanomaterials are a function of the pathways of composite fabrication, which is most efficient by the in-situ process.

    “Although the performance and the integrity of these nanomaterials are a function of the pathways of composite fabrication which is most efficient by the in-situ process.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Immobilization method in polymer matrix improves adsorption capacity, enhances photocatalytic water splitting potential, and boosts possibility of recovery of titania.

    “Similarly, Mondal & Sharma [81] and Singh et al. [119] also suggested the use of the immobilization method in the polymer matrix to improve the adsorption capacity enhance their photocatalytic water splitting potential and boost the possibility of recovery of titania.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Mondal & Sharma [81]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Singh et al. [119]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Factors such as irradiation intensity and source, contact time for adsorption-desorption equilibrium before photons are incident, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration play a vital role in effective performance of the process.

    “However, factors such as irradiation intensity and source, contact time for adsorption-desorption equilibrium before photons are incident on the system, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration also play a vital role in the effective performance of the process.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The well-matched conduction band and LUMO promote the electrons p-p* absorption band of the outside PANI film upon sunlight irradiation, leading to faster reaction kinetics.

    “This consequently, promotes the electrons p-p * absorption band of the outside PANI film upon irradiation with sunlight light leading to faster reaction kinetics (Sadia et al., 2012; Rita et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Sadia et al., 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Rita et al., 2017

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The extended degradation time of microbial degradation makes the technique inappreciable for industrial commercialization owing to the slow dye decolorization rate and consequent generation of more toxic substances during continuous industrial dyeing and pigmentation processes.

    “The extended time makes the technique inappreciable for industrial commercialization owing to the slow dye decolorization rate and consequent generation of more toxic substances during continuous industrial dyeing and pigmentation processes.(Bruna et al. [178] ) [55] .”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Bruna et al. [178]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [55]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The study established stability, flexibility, versatility, cost-effectiveness, high performance and possibility of recovery and reuse of the catalyst composite for treatment of pilot and field-scale wastewater.

    “The study was able to establish the stability, flexibility, versatility cost-effectiveness, high performance and the possibility of recovery and reuse of the catalyst composite for treatment of pilot and field-scale wastewater.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    The low degradation of some bacterial microorganisms in Table 8 is justified by aerobic microbes' inability to reduce azo linkages and lower chromogen destruction.

    “This justifies the low degradation of some bacterial microorganisms in Table 8 .”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The photosensitizing action of PANI is based on the narrow bandgap and enhanced charge mobility of PANI, resulting in photon response as the energy level of PANI is incorporated into the semiconductors.

    “This action is based on the narrow bandgap and enhanced charge mobility of PANI resulting in photon response as the energy level of PANI is incorporated into the semi-conductors [ 61 , 133 ].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [61]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [133]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Immobilization in support matrix enhances reduction in leaching at lower energy and higher catalyst recovery propensity, although may be limited by agglomeration inside the matrix.

    “On the other hand, the technology involving the immobilization in the support matrix enhances the reduction in leaching at lower energy and higher catalyst recovery propensity, although may be limited by agglomeration inside the matrix [ 117 , 135 ].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [117]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [135]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Use of secondary amine with molecular width < 4.53 Å and pKa > 7 facilitates gelation inhibition and provides needful solvent-polyaniline interaction for enhanced adsorptive potential of the nanocomposite.

    “Secondly, the use of secondary amine with molecular width < 4.53 Å and a pKa > 7 to facilitate gelation inhibition.This also provides needful solvent-polyaniline interaction for the enhanced adsorptive potential of the nanocomposite.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lin et al. [66]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Fabrication of nanocomposite photocatalyst via immobilization of semiconductors either on the surface or in the PANI polymer matrix is suggested.

    “The study suggested the fabrication of nano composite photocatalyst via immobilization of the semiconductors either on the surface or in the PANI polymer matrix [117] .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [117]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Stability of bacteria to high pH, temperature, and the recalcitrant nature of some azo dyes remains a major challenge.

    “However, their stability to high pH, temperature, and the recalcitrant nature of some azo dyes remains a major challenge (Saratale et al. [203] ; Mohammed and Burhan, 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Saratale et al. [203]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Mohammed and Burhan, 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Fabrication of catalyst nanocomposite via in situ polymerization to generate hybridized h-BN/PANI and TiO2/PANI nano rod exhibited excellent photodegradation efficiency of more than 90% and with over four runs.

    “Studies carried out by Jangid et al. [54] and Shahabuddin et al. [112] on the fabrication of catalyst nano composite via in situ polymerization to generate hybridized h-BN/PANI and TiO2/PANI nano rod exhibited excellent photodegradation efficiency of more than 90% and with over four runs due to the immobilization of the nano powder in the polymer matrix which enhances the recovery and reuse.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Jangid et al. [54]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Shahabuddin et al. [112]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationnone given

    Challenges of quantitative determination of initial dye concentration before photocatalysis limits the use of this treatment process due to oversaturation of nano-catalyst at extremely high concentration dye molecules.

    “Furthermore, the challenges of quantitative determination of initial dye concentration before photocatalysis limits the use of this treatment process due to oversaturation of the nano-catalyst at extremely high concentration dye molecules.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Interpretationcitation

    The low degradation percentage of 56% for Rose Bengal from Table 2 may be due to the adopted method of composite fabrication.

    “However, the low percentage of degradation of 56% from Table 2 of the same dye may be due to the adopted method of composite fabrication (Vargas et al. [191] ).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Vargas et al. [191]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

63 of 63

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Laboratory performance of PANI composite catalysts reported in the reviewed literature can be generalized to industrial textile wastewater treatment.

    “These appreciable advantages offer fabricated nano composite polymeric-based catalysts an effective outlook of use in the remediation of toxic azo dyes industrially as compared to the bio-catalyst and pure nano adsorbent materials.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The cited studies' findings on dye adsorption and degradation are applicable to azo dyes in textile wastewater.

    “This present paper evaluates the photodegradation performance of PANI nano composite applied to textile wastewater laden with azo dyes as compared to the conventional catalyst as reported in literature.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Conventional catalyst and treatment processes are inefficient for recalcitrant dyes.

    “Composite fabricated from PANI is aimed at tackling the inefficiency of conventional catalyst and treatment process for recalcitrant dyes.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Bacteria cleave -N=N-bonds reductively and utilize amines as the source of carbon and energy for their growth.

    “Although these bacteria cleave -N = N-bonds reductively and utilize amines as the source of carbon and energy for their growth.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The data compiled in Tables 6, 7, and 8 from different studies are comparable despite differences in experimental conditions.

    “Also, when the same dyestuff present in the wastewater was comparatively assessed, at 90 min in Table 6 , the degradation efficiency of methylene blue azo dye was 93% and 99.6% while in Table 7 , 97%, 92%, and 90% were recorded at longer duration time of 120, 350, 180 min respectively for the same dye.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The degradation percentages reported in the cited studies are accurate and reliable.

    “From the report in the Table, the microbial degradation of azo dye molecules from textile wastewater is characterized by a longer degradation time when compared to the photocatalyst used in Tables 6 and 7 .”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Photocatalytic degradation performance can be validly compared across different dyes and light sources.

    “Also, when the same dyestuff present in the wastewater was comparatively assessed, at 90 min in Table 6 , the degradation efficiency of methylene blue azo dye was 93% and 99.6% while in Table 7 , 97%, 92%, and 90% were recorded at longer duration time of 120, 350, 180 min respectively for the same dye.”
7 of 7

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • The text points to the wrong table for metal-oxide properties

    Minor

    The cited Table 3 covers operational parameters, while the metal-oxide photocatalyst properties appear in Table 4.

  • The 30-minute, 94.35% result is assigned to the wrong dye

    Minor

    The text calls this a methylene blue result, but Table 6 assigns 94.35% degradation at 30 minutes to methyl orange.

  • Acid blue percentages are assigned to the wrong dye

    Minor

    The text attributes 95% and 73% degradation at 45 minutes to acid blue. The 45-minute entries with those percentages in Tables 6 and 7 are for Acid Orange and Acid Orange 7, respectively; Table 6 lists Acid blue 25 at 92%.

  • Pseudomonas degradation time differs from Table 8

    Minor

    The text gives a range of 24-33 hours for the 83% result; Table 8 gives 24-35 hours.

  • The 99.6% methylene blue result is placed at the wrong time

    Minor

    The text associates the 99.6% result with 90 minutes, but Table 6 records it at 60 minutes.

  • Table 3 is identified as a conventional-treatment table

    Minor

    The text points to Table 3 for conventional treatment processes, but Table 3 is headed as a table of operational parameters. The conventional-treatment table is Table 2.

6 of 6

Cited works that were retracted

Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.

  • Cites a retracted work: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109485

    Major

    The cited work was retracted on 2020-02-15 (notice 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109485), before this paper was published (2022-09). Its authors could have known.

    Cited work 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109485 · retracted 2020-02-15 · notice 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109485 · this paper published 2022-09

1 of 1

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

6 of the 201 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Dutta, 2021, Recent advances on the removal of dyes from wastewater using various adsorbents: a critical review, Mater. Adv., 2, 4497, 10.1039/d1ma00354b · DOI · Paper page
  2. Gosavi, 2014, Journal of environmental science, computer science and engineering & technology a general review on various treatment methods for textile wastewater, J. Environ. Sci. Comput. Sci. Eng. Technol., 3, 29
  3. Kim, 2010, Effect of pH and temperature for Photocatalytic degradation of organic compound on carbon-coated TiO2, 공학기술논문지, 3, 193
  4. Mishra, 2018, Conducting polymers: concepts and applications, J. At. Mol. Condens. Nano Phys., 5, 159, 10.26713/jamcnp.v5i2.842 · DOI
  5. Mkata, 2017, Uv vis spectroscopy practical, Phys. Chem. Prakt. I, 1
  6. Saini, 2017, Textile organic dyes : polluting effects and elimination methods from textile waste water, Int. J. Chem. Eng. Res., 9, 121
  7. Saha, 2020, Polymeric nanostructures for photocatalytic dye degradation: polyaniline for photocatalysis, SN Appl. Sci., 2, 1, 10.1007/s42452-020-2928-4 · DOI
  8. Said, 2020, A review on classifications, recent synthesis and applications of textile dyes, Inorg. Chem. Commun.
  9. Smita, 2016, Polyaniline for removal of methyl orange dye from wastewater, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Manag. (IJSEM), 1, 1
  10. Ventura-camargo, 2013, Azo dyes: characterization and toxicity– a review, Text. Light Ind. Sci. and Technol. (TLIST)
  11. Ventura-camargo, 2013, Azo dyes: characterization and toxicity– a review, Text. Light Ind. Sci. and Technol. (TLIST), 2, 85
  12. Carmen, 2012, (Vol. 3,, 55
  13. Arulazhagan, 2016, A study on microbial decolourization of reactive red M8B by Bacillus subtilis isolated from dye contaminated soil samples, Int J Curr Res Biol Med, 1, 1
  14. Adetuyi, 2020, Preparation and performance evaluation of an active anti-bleeding solution for laundering multicoloured textile apparels, Chemistry Journal, 5, 1
  15. Oyetade, 2020, Tensile Strength Assessment and Effluent Analysis of Multicoloured Textile Apparels Laundered in Anti-bleeding Solution, International Journal of Advanced Materials Research, 6, 54
  16. Muhd Julkapli, N., Bagheri, S., & Bee Abd Hamid, S. (2014). Recent advances in heterogeneous photocatalytic decolorization of synthetic dyes. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. · DOI · Paper page
  17. Vikas, 2021, The Role of Metals in Nanocomposites for UV and Visible Light-Active Photocatalysis. Green Photocatalytic Semiconductors, Recent Advances and Applications, 307
  18. Bello, 2018, Treatment technologies for wastewater from cosmetic industry—A review, Int J Chem Biomol S, 4, 69

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Metadata

Authors
Oyetade, J. A., Machunda, R. L., & Hilonga, A.
Affiliations
Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (TZ)
Corresponding author
Oyetade, Joshua Akinropo
ORCID
Venue
Scientific African
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-09
Volume
17
Pages
e01305
ISSN
2468-2276 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01305
OpenAlex
W4288886230
Cited by
76
References
201
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 3
FWCI
2.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific African (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells
Keywords
azo dyes, photocatalytic degradation, polyaniline, textile wastewater, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, electron-hole recombination, catalyst reusability, band gap tuning, dye wastewater treatment

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