A Review of Modern and Conventional Extraction Techniques and Their Applications for Extracting Phytochemicals from Plants
Open accessAbstract
For centuries, phytochemicals have been of immense value to communities worldwide. These metabolites have been used in healthcare systems as medicines to treat various diseases. Further, phytochemicals are used as lead compounds in the synthesis of drugs. The extraction of compounds from plant materials is the cornerstone of natural product research. There has been a relentless endeavor to discover better extractive methods. In the same vein, several promising modern green extraction methods such as supercritical fluid, ultrasound, accelerated solvent, microwave, enzyme-assisted extraction methods are gaining significance. This review describes and discusses the various extraction techniques used to obtain the phytochemicals from different plant parts. These extraction techniques include the conventional solvent-based and the more robust modern and green extraction techniques. The review critically analyses the extraction conditions, optimized situations, advantages, and disadvantages of these extraction techniques. The review includes the recent applications of these extraction techniques. The review will propel advanced research and applications in the extraction process, a significant and integral component of natural products research.
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Studies have shown that aqueous alcoholic extraction solvents, such as ethanol-water mixtures, can be highly effective in extracting a range of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids.
“Additionally, studies have shown that aqueous alcoholic extraction solvents, such as ethanol–water mixtures, can be highly effective in extracting a range of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids [53,54,55].”
From Comparative Analysis of Infusions and Ethanolic Extracts of Annona muricata Leaves from Colima, Mexico: Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
Cites
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Hernandez-Fuentes, G. A., Delgado-Enciso, O. G., Larios-Cedeño, E. G., Sánchez-Galindo, J. M., Ceballos-Magaña, S. G., Pineda-Urbina, K., Alcalá-Pérez, M. A., Magaña-Vergara, N. E., Delgado-Enciso, J., Díaz-Llerenas, U., et al. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14121702 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Bitwell, C., Indra, S. S., Luke, C., & Kakoma, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Copperbelt University (ZM)
- Venue
- Scientific African
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 19
- Pages
- e01585
- ISSN
- 2468-2276 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4320040151
- Cited by
- 648
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 151 · 2025: 284 · 2024: 176 · 2023: 35 · 2021: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 93.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Scientific African (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Copperbelt University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- phytochemical extraction, green extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, enzymatic extraction, solvent extraction, plant natural products, extraction optimization
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