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Ranking connectivity risk for phosphorus loss along agricultural drainage ditches
Open accessAbstract
Agricultural drainage systems comprising both in-field pipe drains and surface ditches are typically installed to remove excess water from agricultural land. These drainage networks can provide connectivity between phosphorus (P) sources and surface waters thereby increasing the risk of P loss to rivers and streams. The objective of this study was to derive a farm-scale drainage ranking that categorises drainage ditches in terms of P loss risk based on connectivity and physic-chemical characteristics. Ten pilot farms were selected to characterise drainage networks through ground survey and, sediment and water sampling. Five drainage ditch categories were derived based on landscape setting and connectivity. Each category recorded soluble and reactive P concentrations above environmental water quality standards. To assess the risk of surface ditches as a connectivity vector between agricultural P and surface waters ditches were ranked in order of P loss risk by integrating landscape position and sediment P chemistry. Elevated sediment P with high equilibrium P concentration (EPCo) were associated with ditches connected to farm yards, and in sediment sampled at ditch outlets, suggesting P deposition over time indicative of a legacy P source. The greatest risk of P loss was attributed to ditches connecting farm yards to streams, and ditches that connected the drainage network to surface waters, or Outlets. These results rank connectivity risk for P loss along agricultural drainage ditches for farm level risk assessment to target P loss mitigation measures to the appropriate locations.
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As flow regimes in ditches change seasonally following either natural hydrological cycles or human activities, water retention time in ditches can vary dramatically, with consequences for biogeochemical function.
“As flow regimes in ditches change seasonally following either natural hydrological cycles or human activities 123 , water retention time in ditches can vary dramatically, with consequences for biogeochemical function 11,109,124 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Whether a ditch is connected to a stream network has important implications for flow direction, the transport and magnitude of lateral chemical fluxes, and pollution risks for downstream ecosystems.
“Whether a ditch is connected to a stream network has important implications for flow direction, the transport and magnitude of lateral chemical fluxes, and pollution risks for downstream ecosystems 109 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Many ditches are subject to gradual sediment and organic matter accumulation from alluvium, fine sediments, in-situ degradation of plants, and bank erosion, necessitating occasional dredging to maintain original hydraulic function.
“Regardless of channel substrate, many ditches are subject to gradual sediment and organic matter accumulation both in the form of alluvium from upstream reaches, fine sediments brought in by the tide in coastal areas, insitu degradation of plants, and via bank erosion 108,109 , necessitating occasional dredging to maintain original hydraulic function 110,111 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Moloney, T., Fenton, O., & Daly, K.
- Affiliations
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Moloney, Thomas
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 703
- Pages
- 134556
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2983832681
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- T-Stór (Teagasc) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland (2017-W-LS-15)
- Environmental Protection Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
- Keywords
- phosphorus loss, agricultural drainage ditches, sediment phosphorus, equilibrium phosphorus concentration, legacy phosphorus, surface water quality, phosphorus mitigation
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