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Impact of P inputs on source-sink P dynamics of sediment along an agricultural ditch network
Open accessAbstract
Phosphorus (P) loss from intensive dairy farms is a pressure on water quality in agricultural catchments. At farm scale, P sources can enter in-field drains and open ditches, resulting in transfer along ditch networks and delivery into nearby streams. Open ditches could be a potential location for P mitigation if the right location was identified, depending on P sources entering the ditch and the source-sink dynamics at the sediment-water interface. The objective of this study was to identify the right location along a ditch to mitigate P losses on an intensive dairy farm. High spatial resolution grab samples for water quality, along with sediment and bankside samples, were collected along an open ditch network to characterise the P dynamics within the ditch. Phosphorus inputs to the ditch adversely affected water quality, and a step change in P concentrations (increase in mean dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) from 0.054 to 0.228 mg L−1) midway along the section of the ditch sampled, signalled the influence of a point source entering the ditch. Phosphorus inputs altered sediment P sorption properties as P accumulated along the length of the ditch. Accumulation of bankside and sediment labile extractable P, Mehlich 3 P (M3P) (from 13 to 97 mg kg−1) resulted in a decrease in P binding energies (k) to < 1 L mg−1 at downstream points and raised the equilibrium P concentrations (EPC0) from 0.07 to 4.61 mg L−1 along the ditch. The increase in EPC0 was in line with increasing dissolved and total P in water, demonstrating the role of sediment downstream in this ditch as a secondary source of P to water. Implementation of intervention measures are needed to both mitigate P loss and remediate sediment to restore the sink properties. In-ditch measures need to account for a physicochemical lag time before improvements in water quality will be observed.
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Sink or source behaviour of ditches can vary significantly over space and time.
“Therefore, sink or source behaviour can vary significantly over space and time 117 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [117]
Ditches often receive water and pollutant fluxes from artificial drainage, such as urban stormwater or agricultural subsurface drains, or through direct water pumping into ditches.
“Ditches often receive water and pollutant fluxes from artificial drainage, such as urban stormwater or agricultural subsurface drains 18,104,117 , or through direct water pumping into ditches 112 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [117]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ezzati, G., Fenton, O., Healy, M. G., Christianson, L., Feyereisen, G. W., Thornton, S., Chen, Q., Fan, B., Ding, J., & Daly, K.
- Affiliations
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- China Agricultural University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Daly, K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 257
- Pages
- 109988
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2996123096
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- T-Stór (Teagasc) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Galway Research Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- phosphorus loss, dairy farms, agricultural ditches, open ditches, source-sink dynamics, Mehlich-3 phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, point source pollution, sediment remediation, water quality, equilibrium phosphorus concentration, binding energy, intensive livestock farming
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Phosphorus, Water, Water Movements, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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