Natural or Synthetic—How Global Trends in Textile Usage Threaten Freshwater Environments

Stone, Catherine; Windsor, Fredric M.; Munday, Max; Durance, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134689

Cited by 173Environmental Impact and SustainabilityMicroplastics and Plastic PollutionPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Natural or Synthetic—How Global Trends in Textile Usage Threaten Freshwater Environments

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Stone, Catherine, Windsor, Fredric M., Munday, Max, Durance, Isabelle·2020·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134689

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Abstract

As the global demand for textiles increases, so to do the potential environmental impacts that stem from their production, use and disposal. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly at risk: rivers often act as the primary recipients of waste generated during the production of textiles and are subject to pollutants released during the broader lifecycle of a textile product. Here, we investigate how global technological and societal processes shape the way we produce, use and dispose of textiles, and what this means for the environmental quality and ecological health of freshwaters. We examine two predominant 'natural' and synthetic textiles (wool and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), respectively), and find that risks to freshwater ecosystems vary throughout the lifecycle of these textiles; and across geographies, in-line with regulatory and economic landscapes. Woollen textiles pose most risk during the Production Phase, while PET textiles pose most risk during the Use and Disposal Phases. Our findings show that: (i) both 'natural' and synthetic textiles present substantial challenges for freshwater environments; and (ii) bespoke solutions are needed in areas of the world where the global division of labour and less stringent environmental regulations have concentrated textile production; but also in regions where high textile consumption combines with unsustainable disposal behaviours. Effective mitigation may combine technological advances with societal changes in market mechanisms, regulations, textile use and disposal.

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The degradation of natural and semisynthetic fibers causes the release of toxics adsorbed (e.g., textile dyes) to the surface into the environment.
“Moreover, the degradation of natural and semisynthetic fibers causes the release of toxics adsorbed (i.e., textile dyes) to the surface into the environment [90,91].”
From Is Wild Marine Biota Affected by Microplastics? (2022) · cites this paper as [91]
Section 2.3, “Potential impacts from the fate of textiles” (page unavailable), says digestion of natural fibres by aquatic organisms may release chemicals adsorbed onto them. It frames this as a concern, not an established consequence of degradation, and does not extend the point to semisynthetic fibres or identify textile dyes as the chemicals released. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Authors: Stone, C., Windsor, F. M., Munday, M., & Durance, I.
Affiliations: Cardiff University (GB)
Corresponding author: Durance, Isabelle
ORCID: Windsor, Fredric M.
Munday, Max
Durance, Isabelle
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-05
Volume: 718
Pages: 134689
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134689
OpenAlex: W2990757608
Cited by: 173
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 4
FWCI: 6.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council (1642617, NE/L002434/, L002434)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords: textile industry, freshwater ecosystems, wool, polyethylene terephthalate, synthetic textiles, natural textiles, textile waste, environmental risk assessment, life cycle assessment, environmental regulation, international division of labor, river pollution, sustainable consumption

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Natural or Synthetic—How Global Trends in Textile Usage Threaten Freshwater Environments

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