Characteristics of heavy metal separation and determination of limiting current density in a pilot-scale electrodialysis process for plating wastewater treatment
Abstract
Recent development in industry has led to increased water usage, while intensifying water shortage. Electrodialysis has been proposed as a technique for minimizing the generation of secondary environmental pollution problems and effectively treating harmful substances such as heavy metals in industrial wastewater. As electrodialysis is affected by several factors, it is crucial to provide necessary information about the operating elements. This study investigates the effect of linear flow velocity on the removal of heavy metals in an electrodialysis pilot plant. The results of the experiment showed that increasing the linear flow velocity from 0.6 to 5.1 cm/min increased the voltage from 17.3 to 40 V. In addition, the limiting current density (LCD) showed a linear relationship with the linear flow velocity, increasing from 1.4 to 5.9 A/m2 as the linear flow velocity increased proportionally in the same voltage range. The empirical correlation coefficients a and b for the mass transfer coefficient K, which can be expressed as a nonlinear function of the linear flow velocity, were estimated to be 1.8519 and 0.7016, respectively. In the batch operation, the ion-separation rate in the electrodialysis process was estimated with the shift order kinetics of the first-order and zero-order constants via regression analysis of experimental data. The ion separation rate in the diluate and the ion concentration rate in the concentrate decrease as the experiment number increase. This may be due to the reverse diffusion of ions transferring to the diluate owing to the high concentration of ions in the concentrate. Therefore, ion concentration in the concentrate has to be maintained at an appropriate level. Copper ions are deposited on the cathode electrode surface, although not uniformly.
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A pilot-scale ED system extracted Cu2+, Ni2+, and traces of Cd2+, Fe3+, Cr6+, and Zn2+ and exceeded 90% removal rate.
“A pilot-scale ED system has also been used to extract Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , and traces of Cd 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 6+, and Zn 2+ , and exceeded 90% removal rate 69 .”
From Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a comprehensive and critical review (2021) · cites this paper as [69]
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Onogwu, S. U., Tijani, J. O., Mustapha, S., Abdulkareem, A. S., Shaba, E., Daniel, A. I., Ameh, A. E., Muya, F. N., & Oyekola, O. (2024) · Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects · doi:10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101211 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Membrane‐Assisted Technologies for Treating Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater
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Unveiling the role of artificial neural network in heavy metal detection and remediation
Thirunavukkarasu, I., Kunal, A., & Mulky, L. (2026) · Separation Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01496395.2026.2632747 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Long-Term selective electrodialysis experiments for Li separation in LFP battery recycling
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Remediation technologies for heavy metal-contaminated water resources
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Electrocatalysis Based on Carbon Composite Catalysts
Ulaş, B., Kaya, Ş., Çağlar, A., Ozok, O., Sharif, K. H., Kavak, E., Kıvrak, A., Khan, A., & Kıvrak, H. (2022) · Composites science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1750-9_10 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Structures and functionalizations of carbon nanotubes in water treatment
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How membrane fouling evolves during electrodialysis treatment of cold-rolling wastewater?
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Innovative Applications of Membrane-Based Electrodialysis for Desalination and Wastewater Reuse
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- Authors
- Min, K. J., Kim, J. H., & Park, K. Y.
- Affiliations
- Konkuk University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Park, Ki Young
- ORCID
- Park, Ki Young
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 757
- Pages
- 143762
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3111272194
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy
- Ministry of Environment (2017000140006)
- Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (20194010201790)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Keywords
- electrodialysis, heavy metal removal, electroplating wastewater, limiting current density, mass transfer coefficient, copper deposition, reverse diffusion
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