Catchment controls of denitrification and nitrous oxide production rates in headwater remediated agricultural streams
Open accessAbstract
Heavily modified headwater streams and open ditches carry high nitrogen loads from agricultural soils that sustain eutrophication and poor water quality in downstream aquatic ecosystems. To remediate agricultural streams and reduce the export of nitrate (NO3−), phosphorus and suspended sediments, two-stage ditches with constructed floodplains can be implemented as countermeasures. By extending hydrological connectivity between the stream channel and riparian corridor within constructed floodplains, these remediated ditches enhance the removal of NO3− via the microbial denitrification process. Ten remediated ditches were paired with upstream trapezoidal ditches in Sweden across different soils and land uses to measure the capacity for denitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) production and yields under denitrifying conditions in stream and floodplain sediments. To examine the controls for denitrification, water quality was monitored monthly and flow discharge continuously along reaches. Floodplain sediments accounted for 33 % of total denitrification capacity of remediated ditches, primarily controlled by inundation and stream NO3− concentrations. Despite reductions in flow-weighted NO3− concentrations along reaches, NO3− removal in remediated ditches via denitrification can be masked by inputs of NO3−-rich groundwaters, typical of intensively managed agricultural landscapes. Although N2O production rates were 50 % lower in floodplains compared to the stream, remediated ditches emitted more N2O than conventional trapezoidal ditches. Higher denitrification rates and reductions of N2O proportions were predicted by catchments with loamy soils, higher proportions of agricultural land use and lower floodplain elevations. For realizing enhanced NO3− removal from floodplains and avoiding increased N2O emissions, soil type, land use and the design of floodplains need to be considered when implementing remediated streams. Further, we stress the need for assessing the impact of stream remediation in the context of broader catchment processes, to determine the overall potential for improving water quality.
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Ditches are recipients of terrestrial fluxes, often from intensively managed environments.
“As such, ditches are recipients of terrestrial fluxes, often from intensively managed environments 104,105 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
Ditches often receive water and pollutant fluxes from artificial drainage, such as urban stormwater or agricultural subsurface drains, or through direct water pumping into ditches.
“Ditches often receive water and pollutant fluxes from artificial drainage, such as urban stormwater or agricultural subsurface drains 18,104,117 , or through direct water pumping into ditches 112 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hallberg, L., Hallin, S., & Bieroza, M.
- Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Hallberg, Lukas
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-09
- Volume
- 838
- Issue
- Pt 3
- Pages
- 156513
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4281675283
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (2018-00890)
- Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms Minne (DO2019-0021)
- Havs- och Vattenmyndigheten (3280-2019)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- denitrification, nitrous oxide production, agricultural streams, nitrate removal, floodplain deposits, soil type, agricultural land use, floodplain elevation, eutrophication, water quality
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Nitrates, Nitrogen, Nitrous Oxide, Soil, Ecosystem, Denitrification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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