The DOI matches its Crossref record; 278 of the 278 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails
Open accessAbstract
About 3 billion new tires are produced each year and about 800 million tires become waste annually. Global dependence upon tires produced from natural rubber and petroleum-based compounds represents a persistent and complex environmental problem with only partial and often-times, ineffective solutions. Tire emissions may be in the form of whole tires, tire particles, and chemical compounds, each of which is transported through various atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic routes in the natural and built environments. Production and use of tires generates multiple heavy metals, plastics, PAH's, and other compounds that can be toxic alone or as chemical cocktails. Used tires require storage space, are energy intensive to recycle, and generally have few post-wear uses that are not also potential sources of pollutants (e.g., crumb rubber, pavements, burning). Tire particles emitted during use are a major component of microplastics in urban runoff and a source of unique and highly potent toxic substances. Thus, tires represent a ubiquitous and complex pollutant that requires a comprehensive examination to develop effective management and remediation. We approach the issue of tire pollution holistically by examining the life cycle of tires across production, emissions, recycling, and disposal. In this paper, we synthesize recent research and data about the environmental and human health risks associated with the production, use, and disposal of tires and discuss gaps in our knowledge about fate and transport, as well as the toxicology of tire particles and chemical leachates. We examine potential management and remediation approaches for addressing exposure risks across the life cycle of tires. We consider tires as pollutants across three levels: tires in their whole state, as particulates, and as a mixture of chemical cocktails. Finally, we discuss information gaps in our understanding of tires as a pollutant and outline key questions to improve our knowledge and ability to manage and remediate tire pollution.
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“Common improper disposal methods for plastic and tire waste globally include landfilling, illegal dumping, and open burning, leading to severe environmental consequences such as soil and water contamination, air pollution from toxic emissions, and habitat destruction [320].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [320]
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“Additionally, there exist many poorly documented contaminants derived from vehicles or roadways, or specically from tire rubbers, in environmental matrices.13”
From Storms mobilize organophosphate esters, bisphenols, PFASs, and vehicle-derived contaminants to San Francisco Bay watersheds (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
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Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mayer, P. M., Moran, K. D., Miller, E. L., Brander, S. M., Harper, S., Garcia-Jaramillo, M., Carrasco-Navarro, V., Ho, K. T., Burgess, R. M., Thornton Hampton, L. M., Granek, E. F., McCauley, M., McIntyre, J. K., Kolodziej, E. P., Hu, X., Williams, A. J., Beckingham, B. A., Jackson, M. E., Sanders-Smith, R. D., Fender, C. L., King, G. A., Bollman, M., Kaushal, S. S., Cunningham, B. E., Hutton, S. J., Lang, J., Goss, H. V., Siddiqui, S., Sutton, R., Lin, D., & Mendez, M.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- San Francisco Estuary Institute (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Portland State University (US)
- Washington State University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- College of Charleston (US)
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (US)
- GSI Environmental (United States) (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mayer, Paul M.
- ORCID
- Mayer, Paul M.
- Moran, Kelly D.
- Miller, Ezra L.
- Brander, Susanne M.
- Harper, Stacey
- Garcia-Jaramillo, Manuel
- Carrasco-Navarro, Victor
- Ho, Kay T.
- Burgess, Robert M.
- Thornton Hampton, Leah M.
- Granek, Elise F.
- McCauley, Margaret
- McIntyre, Jenifer K.
- Kolodziej, Edward P.
- Hu, Ximin
- Williams, Antony J.
- Beckingham, Barbara A.
- Jackson, Miranda E.
- Sanders-Smith, Rhea D.
- Fender, Chloe L.
- King, George A.
- Bollman, Michael
- Kaushal, Sujay S.
- Cunningham, Brittany E.
- Hutton, Sara J.
- Lang, Jackelyn
- Goss, Heather V.
- Siddiqui, Samreen
- Sutton, Rebecca
- Lin, Diana
- Mendez, Miguel
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 927
- Pages
- 171153
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11214769
- OpenAlex
- W4392563131
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 278
- Citations by year
- 2026: 128 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 29
- FWCI
- 6.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PDXScholar (Portland State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Eastern Finland
- California Ocean Protection Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Keywords
- tire wear particles, waste tires, microplastics, waste tire recycling, waste tire disposal, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chemical cocktails, leachate, toxicology, human health risk, environmental fate and transport, urban runoff, remediation
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